Role of hygiene in physical education

Hygiene (hygieinos) - the field of medical science about the preservation and improvement of health through preventive measures. She studies the impact of living and working conditions on human health and develops measures for the prevention of diseases. The human body can be affected by various environmental factors: Chemical - chemical elements and compounds found in air, water, soil, food. Physical - temperature, humidity and air pressure, radiation, vibration, noise, etc. Biological - microorganisms, helminths, fungi. Social factors - the nature of labor activity, food, living conditions, etc. Depending on the tasks being solved, hygienic science uses a variety of methods. They are used for hygienic assessment of environmental factors. These include a sanitary examination and description, physical, chemical and biological methods of sanitary examination.

Methods of sanitary description and examination allow us to identify the general condition of individual groups or settlements. At the same time, statistical and demographic indicators are used in the study area and general conclusions are drawn about the state of health of the population and the factors affecting it. To determine the quantitative characteristics of the medium, and its properties, physical, chemical, biological research methods are used. To study the influence of the environment on the human body, physiological, biological, clinical, anthropometric, and experimental methods are used. If necessary, establish the influence of the environment on the health of the team using the sanitary-statistical method. The practical implementation of hygiene standards, rules and measures is called sanitation. Hygiene advances are introduced through public hygiene measures. To this end, various sanitary rules and regulations are being developed. For the effective use of the achievements of hygiene, it is necessary that every person understands their significance. In this regard, a huge role belongs to health education.

Depending on the subject of study, hygiene science is divided into: Environmental health, Nutrition and health hygiene, Occupational health Social hygiene. Hygiene is the science of maintaining and strengthening human health. Its main task is to study the influence of living and working conditions on people's health, prevent diseases, ensure optimal human conditions, preserve health and longevity. Young specialists who have graduated from universities should have a good knowledge of the basic principles of personal and public hygiene and skillfully apply them in everyday life, school, at work, and when organizing various events for mass physical culture and sports in the conditions of professional activity.

One of the specialized hygienic disciplines is the hygiene of physical culture and sports. She studies the interaction of the body involved in physical education and sports with the environment. The purpose of this study is to develop hygienic standards, requirements and measures aimed at improving health, increasing efficiency and achieving high athletic performance. The systematic use of hardening procedures reduces the number of colds by 2 - 5 times, and in some cases almost completely eliminates them. Hardening helps increase physical and mental performance, improves blood circulation, increases the tone of the central nervous system, normalizes metabolism, helps to develop a rational hygienic regimen. You can start hardening at almost any age, after consulting with your doctor. He will not only check the state of health, but also help determine the form of hardening procedures and their dosage. The following hygienic principles of hardening are established: systematicity requires regular, daily hardening procedures. Long breaks in hardening lead to the weakening or complete loss of acquired protective reactions. Usually, 2 to 3 weeks after the cessation of procedures, the body's resistance to the hardening factor decreases; gradual and consistent increase in dosage procedures. When choosing a dosage and forms of hardening, it is necessary to take into account individual characteristics of a person (age, state of health, etc.), since the reaction of the body to hardening is different for different people; A variety of tools and forms provides comprehensive hardening. As a rule, the body’s resistance increases only to that stimulus to which it has been repeatedly exposed. So, the repeated exposure to cold produces the body's resistance only to cold, the repeated action of heat, and vice versa to heat. That is why the use of various forms of hardening is necessary.

Active mode i.e. perform any physical exercises during the procedures; Combination of general and local procedures: local procedures have less powerful effect than general procedures. But if you skillfully expose the most sensitive to cooling parts of the body — feet, throat, neck — to various temperatures, you can achieve the effect with local hardening; Self control. The indicators of the correct hardening and its positive effect are good sleep, good appetite, better health, increased efficiency, etc. Insomnia, irritability, decreased appetite and performance indicate improper hardening. In these cases, you need to see a doctor and change the form of the dosage and procedures.