Role of mindfulness meditation for enhancement of self- efficacy in alcoholism

Nirmala N., Hemavathy V. Role of mindfulness meditation for enhancement of self- efficacy in alcoholism. Cardiome-try; Issue 22; May 2022; p. 467-470; DOI: 10.18137/cardiome-try.2022.22.467470; Available from: http://www.cardiometry. net/issues/no22-may-2022/role_mindfulness_meditation

There has been growing interest in the role of mindfulness meditation and the enhancement of self efficacy among number of domains including substance use disorders [1]. Numerous research about substance abuse treatment with mindfulness meditation and improvement of Self- efficacy has emerged as an important predictor of outcome or treatment effect and coping behaviour, level of performance, rate of relapse and perseverance in facing difficult problems been positively proved [2]. Prolonged using of alcohol will lead to reduce self efficacy. Many continue their addictive behaviour because it’s the best strategy worked out for navigating life’s difficult terrain. The key trait that protects them from addiction and the way to manage the problem is to improve the self- efficacy [3]. According to a study of University College London Practicing 11 minutes of mindfulness meditation like paying attention to own breathing helped heavy drinkers cut back showed this technique were more effective than the golden standard behavioural treatment [4]. This present paper provides a review of the inter relation between mindfulness meditation and enhancement of self-efficacy in the field of alcohol addiction [5].

• 2    What Is Mindfulness Meditation

It is a type of meditation in which, focus on being intensely aware of present moment like what you are sensing and feeling without interpretation or judgement by practicing breathing methods, guided meditation is the practices to relax fully [6]. It is a mental training practice that teaches us to slow down racing thoughts remove negativity, and calm both mind and body.

• 3    What is Self Efficacy

Albert Bandura describes self-efficacy as people’s beliefs in their efficacy to influence events that affects their lives [7]. Human inspiration, motivation, per- formance successes, and emotional well-being are all built on this basis. It is a strong sense of trust in him. It strongly influences a person to take up challenges and complete it as his wish. Rounds-Bryant, Flynn et al (1997) identified that self efficacy and performance enhancement depends on one another. Increasing levels of self-efficacy pave the way to rise in higher performance [8].

Many studies found that mindfulness meditation can help drinkers cut back and the benefits can be seen quite quickly said author Sunjeev Kamboj, University College, London. Alcoholism is a social burden and treating this addictive behaviour is a great challenge. Among many effective therapies mindfulness meditation training is the most preferred method which shown the best results in the reduction of mental problems and enhanced level of self efficacy [9]. Mindfulness meditation makes a person aware his urges, and heavy drinkers consumed less over a short period of time.

Mindfulness meditation creates changes in the following aspects

Increase in Self-awareness will make the person to understand the addiction behaviour and reasons for alcoholism, by understanding these roots of behaviour and its sufferings help to develop inner strength [10]. The impulsivity of addiction behaviour will be slowly decreased and the person keeps himself away from addiction. By development of self awareness due to mindfulness meditation he can learn to create new ways to overcome this abusing behaviour also avoid relapsing situations [11].

Self-efficacy is a person’s confidence to achieve his goal in a particular situation. It includes a person’s attitudes, abilities and cognitive skills According to Bandura. He also said the person’s ability to think and work positively and achieved success in all his attempts is fully based on the level of self efficacy he possessed [12].

Self-actualization is the greatest power can enjoy after mindfulness meditation. This power helps to realize one’s full potential [13]. Self-actualization includes skills used for life success. It allows you to feel motivated by growth. This can be achieved through mindfulness meditation using own breathing and body [14].

To Treat Alcoholism

In recent decades there has been number of researches on addiction field, self-efficacy involved as an important factor of outcome or treatment effects. It is having great effect in different areas of human health and treating behavioural problems like alcoholism, it also helps the patient’s confidence to minimize or control alcohol addiction, overcome craving temptation and maintains obriety and it is the strong predictor for post treatment in alcohol addiction abstinence and recovery [15].

• 4.7.    Correlation between Self Efficacy and Mindfulness Meditation in Alcoholism

  There are number of evidence reviled by conducting studies in the area of practice of mindfulness meditation will produce higher self-efficacy than who do not practice. Bandura1997 stated regular practice of mindful meditation will enhance more optimistic thinking since it leads to overcome their negative thoughts. A study involved 60 people receiving mindful meditation learn to redirect their attention, manage their emotions and impulses and increases their understanding of the causes behind their addiction.

• 4.8.    Comparison between Strong and Weak Sense of Self Efficacy

  4.8.1.    People with strong self-efficacy: 4.8.1.1.    Have stronger sense of commitment 4.8.1.2.    Interested in personal and professional activities. 4.8.1.3.    Easily overcome disappointments. 4.8.1.4.    Handling challenges with confidence.

• 4.8.15.    Optimistic in their ability

• 4.8.2.    People with sense of low self- efficacy:

  • 4.8.2.1.    Worrying about personal loss and negative feelings.

  • 4.8.2.2.    Avoid challenging tasks and goals

  • 4.8.2.3.    Lack of confidence in personal abilities.

  • 4.8.2.4.    Pessimistic

  • 4.8.2.5.    Low levels of commitments.

• 4.9.    Common Obstacles

• 4.9.1.    Lack of motivation: It is easy to lose motivation during challenging times. This mindful meditation can help ensure that to stay motivated, encouraged for recovery.

• 4.9.2.    Financial difficulties: Financial difficulties can be challenging to overcome. But as gain and practice the skill of mindfulness gradually improve more confidence can solve the problem.

• 4.9.3.    Lack of participation: Not participating in the recovery programmes, skipping meditation sessions and isolating from others will drive away from gaining of self- efficacy. Develop the attitude of stay committed is the solution to overcome this problem.

• 4.9.4.    Lack of commitment: For gaining self-efficacy a daily commitment and hard work are the key elements. Lack of commitment can destroy sober life style. Staying committed will help get through the obstacles.

• 4.10.    How to Overcome the Obstacles

for Development of Self Efficacy and the Role of Mindfulness

Meditation

Prioritize the emotional and psychological wellness Practice daily mindfulness meditation

Healthy daily routine

Maintain relationship with peers in recovery

Do an activity or hobby which were enjoyed Watching others do great things

Meet therapist regularly

• 5    Conclusion

There is promising evidence by many studies that mindfulness meditation is an effective therapy to enhance self-efficacy for alcohol addiction. The self efficacy usually developed by mastery of experiences. The effect of mindfulness meditation on alcohol use disorder brings lower drinking motivation, better alcohol management, and greater improvement in self-efficacy will bring down the temptation of using alcohol consumption. According to piece in the New York Times, people with a low sense of self efficacy will be pessimistic, have low self-esteem, feel helplessness, not interested, hopeless in future are more likely go to drugs to overcome these negative feelings. A person with high level of self-efficacy helps to focus on ones performance and goals. Mindfulness meditation provide long term therapeutic effects in treating addictive behaviour and development of strong self -efficacy. Develop more research programme about the way to improve self efficacy in the area of addiction. Construction of new measurement tools for statistical solutions. New studies are required to analyse the effectiveness of different interventions for improve self-efficacy and the duration of persistence of the effect lost for treat alcohol addiction.

Statement on ethical issues

Research involving people and/or animals is in full compliance with current national and international ethical standards.

Conflict of interest

None declared.

Author contributions

The authors read the ICMJE criteria for authorship and approved the final manuscript.