Russian university in the era of industrialization: typology, "the genius of the place", search for new models of humanitarian spaces

The article deals with the problem associated with the challenges of the industrialization era to the domestic University, examines the key factors of the development of higher school as a socio-cultural institution of the late XIX - XX centuries. This research logic links civilizational, historical and cultural aspects, leads to the identification of relevant humanitarian infrastructures in universities and helps the author to show the relationship between industrialization, which led to the differentiation of universities, the opening of specialized universities in Russia, and the desire to preserve the University spirit and its humanitarian space in new institutions. Conclusion: the chosen methodological approach allowed us to study the mission of the University in terms of the intersection of civilizational demands, their humanitarian embodiment. The long historical distance of the industrialization era demonstrates the interaction of scientific, industrial and humanitarian factors in technical institutions, including in the regions where they are the drivers of development. The quality of education everywhere in open country, workers’ faculties were far lower than in the pre-revolutionary Russian engineering institutes, but the enthusiasm of the broad masses of students to whom the doors opened in the new universities, was invaluable as a factor of support for the new government and the stabilization of society. Institutionally similar domestic universities had different potential: in one case, the technical high school was a highly specialized school, which gave certain professional, and in the other - in the presence of a high staff of professors, it was an invariant of the University, where its mission is reflected in the homosphere lectures, representing the global concept of the country, in libraries and scientific circles, theaters, choirs and museums, which were actively in demand by the new generation of students. It is such an Institute-technical University can be called a typical University of the era of industrialization.