Fishing in the life support system of residents of the Tara Irtysh area in the 17th-18th centuries using the example of the Ananyino village

In 2023, some evidence was discovered in the cultural layer of the Russian village of Ananyino which has been studied by archaeological research for 15 years, making it possible to create a model of fishing and identify its role in the life support system of the population both of the village and Tara Irtysh area. Water resources andfishing areas of the district are analyzed. The study of written and archaeological sources identified fishing gear and its material presence in the cultural layer of the site. Most of the artifacts were net and hook gear, such as clay sinkers for various types of nets andfishing hooks forfishing rods and other varieties of fishing gear. Archaeoichthyological evidence from the cultural layer of the site revealed diversity ofprocuredfish which included sturgeon, pike, burbot, ide, perch, and crucian carp, and their sizes. Based on the length of the fish, their weight was calculated, which has made it possible to estimate the overall volume offish biomass. The importance offish in the diet and life support systems of people who lived in the village of Ananyino and in differentfishing areas in the Tara’s Irtysh area was discussed. Fish was consumed in equal amounts with farinaceous foods. In the initial period of development of Siberia, it played the role of the "second bread.” For cooking, people used fresh, salted, cured, and driedfish. In the life support of the villages from the taiga zones, fish production was of equal importance with hunting animals. In the forest-steppe zones, its share was twice as large. As a commodity, fishing products were in great demand on the market.