Hepatic Sarcoidosis: A Modern View on the Issue

Introduction. Hepatic sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating nodules (granulomas) in the liver tissue and associated functional impairments. Available data indicate the necessity of continuing research to clarify the mechanisms underlying the development of this pathology and to develop innovative treatment methods. The aim of this study is to analyze current scientific data on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for hepatic sarcoidosis. Materials and methods. The following scientific databases were utilized: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The search was conducted using keywords. Forty-eight publications were selected and analyzed: original articles, reviews, clinical cases, and meta-analyses published in English and Russian. Results. Hepatic sarcoidosis is distinguished by a significant degree of heterogeneity and by the complex mechanisms underlying the formation and regression of granulomatous foci. The necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of this disease has been clearly demonstrated. Investigation into the pathogenetic influence of cytokines and chemokines unveils promising avenues for the development of pharmaceuticals aimed at modulating inflammation and inducing remission. The application of advanced imaging and molecular techniques is crucial for the early detection of hepatic involvement and for the prevention of complications. Key objectives for future research entail the development of highly efficacious therapeutic agents with low toxicity profiles. Discussion and conclusion. The obtained results highlight the promise of a more detailed analysis of inflammatory processes in hepatic sarcoidosis, with a particular focus on the role of the immune system and potential targets for pharmacotherapy. The importance of integrating various disciplines and fostering a multidisciplinary approach to the study of this pathology is emphasised. Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of hepatic sarcoidosis, coupled with the introduction of novel diagnostic technologies and pharmaceutical agents, are poised to significantly improve patient management strategies. The proposed research directions pave the way for the development of a personalised approach to each patient, one that minimises the risks of therapy-related adverse effects and improves disease outcomes.