Scope of application of logistics in tourism

As we know, logistics is the process of planning and ensuring (including control) the effective and continuous receipt of goods, services and related information from where they are created, to consumers, aimed at the utmost satisfaction of consumer requests. In the future, tourism logistics: improve the quality of the tourist product, maximize the expected level of comfort: the condition of the number of rooms, furniture, etc. for "buyers" and minimizes costs, but thereby maximizes profits for the "suppliers" of the tourist product, by bringing the services to the international level closer. Tourism should be approached as a large independent inter-branch economic complex of the national economy, since the sphere of tourism, combining different industries, lies not in the usual vertical plane, but covers a certain horizontal space, including enterprises and organizations of different industry.

Logistics in tourism is the management of the product flows of tourist enterprises, including the rational organization of the formation, sale and organization of consumption of a tourist product and the maintenance of these processes by the flow of information flows. In the logistics system of a tourist enterprise, the scientist understands the adaptive-to the feedback system, the purpose of which is to form and sell the enterprise's product in the required quantity and assortment, as much as possible readiness for use or consumption, at the consumer's desired location optimal level of logistics costs. Tourist logistics should be interpreted as in-deformation-management activities aimed at reducing costs and harmonizing the delivery of all components of the complex of tourist services in time. [1]

Logistics in tourism is the science of planning, controlling and managing operations performed in the process of forming a tour, bringing finished products to the consumer in accordance with the interests and requirements of the latter, as well as in the process of transferring, storing and processing relevant information. From this definition it follows that logistics is a system containing functional areas, each of which solves certain problems. The system includes:

• 1.    Information - tour planning, order processing, demand forecasting.

• 2.    Transportation of tourists - a choice of a kind of transport and the companycarrier.

• 3.    Personnel serving tourists. An important component of the logistics system.

• 4.    Serving production - logistics units that serve the process of forming a tour and providing services to the consumer. Production capacities and economic adaptability of the tourist enterprise are of current importance for the functioning of the logistics system.

That logistics in tourism performs a number of functions that are differentiated by phases of the logistics chain into the following types: information logistics on the input stream; production logistics, including the direct formation and creation of a tourist product; marketing logistics, which covers distribution, promotion and definition of sales channels for finished products, and information logistics on the output stream. The essence of information logistics in tourism is the organization of flows of da-es, accompanying the product flow, and is an essential link that links supply, production and marketing. Sales logistics in tourism provide the most effective organization of distribution of products, ready for use. The functions of marketing logistics are in the distribution and promotion of the tourist product through the channels of commodity circulation, the delivery of a product oriented to the needs of consumers (according to the terms of service, quality, quantity and ethical), optimization of costs associated with the operation of the logistics system and commercial sales activities , the application of optimal information sales systems. [2]

We can say about services.

Service activity is an area of human relationships, where the rehabilitation-altruistic style is being formed, improving in meeting our needs.

The hotel economy is an element of infrastructure, an indicator of the arrangement of social space within the city, cultural and business facilities, and production. The hotel economy is a way to strengthen ties, transforming them into a system of integration processes with the realization of social and cultural exchange, with the development of a culture of cognition.

Restaurant service is an independent social and organizational sphere with the dynamics of cultural and economic processes, reflecting growing needs, taking into account a variety of individual tastes in the food system.

Transport trips are considered as an independent type of tourism. Transport trips are the trips of organized groups of tourists in the presence of permits on the developed routes using various vehicles. They are classified according to a number of main features:

• •    the way of movement along the route (railway, sea, bus, river, aviation, other types, combined);

• •    type of transport used (trains, airplanes, buses, motor ships, ferries, yachts, boats, kayaks, rafts, submarines and other boats, motorcycles, bicycles, balloons, hanggliders);

• •    Building a route route (linear, circular, radial, combined);

• •    duration of travel (short-term, such as "Weekend", many days);

• •    Seasonality (year-round, seasonal, single).[3]

When planning your trip, the tourist takes into account such factors:

• •    speed of delivery to the purpose of the trip;

• •    Travel comfort;

• •    cost;

• •    the possibility of carrying baggage and its weight;

• •    Ability to stop on the way;

• •    Nutritional conditions;

• •    noise, vibration level;

• •    conditions for sleep and rest;

• •    the possibility of a broad overview during the trip;

• •    the presence of adverse environmental factors;

• •      security.[4]

As we know the logistics area can include: speed of delivery to the purpose of travel, cost, the possibility of carrying luggage and its weight, the presence of adverse environmental factors, safety. Companies are forced to develop long-term plans to transport tourists abroad, booking blocks of places in hotels. The use of logistics by modern travel agencies can improve the quality of tourist services, take into account the diversity of demand and most fully meet the needs of tourists.