Breeding and genetic improvement of soybean in the south of Russia (review)

As a result of VNIIMK’s soybean breeding for increase of adaptability to stress of water deficiency were created varieties of three ripening terms and yield potential of 4.63-5.72 t/ha. The genetic increase of yield during 1961-2010 was calculated: it comprised 22.9 kg/ha per year. The morphophysiological features of modern varieties that provide adaptability to conditions of insufficient moistening were also determined. The genetic gain of productivity during 1961-2010 is calculated, the made 22.9 kg/hectares a year and are established the morfofiziologichesky features of modern grades providing their adaptability to conditions of insufficient moistening. In addition to traditional (artificial and natural hybridizations) the new method of obtaining the soybean breeding material was developed. It is based on structural recombinant genesis of homologous chromosomes of soybean autopolyploids under the condition of their multivalent conjugation and asymmetric crossing-over of recurrent diploids returnable diploids (reploids). The theory was developed concerning the production of high-yielding soybean varieties by means of transferring of accumulated complex of compensating genes from parental form with semi-lethal mutation and its further fixation in homozygous progeny. The method of soybean varieties production based on this theory was close to realization.