Breeding and technological aspects of soy-bean yield stabilization in south of European part of Russia

The main problem of soybean cultivation in south of European part of Russia is yield instability from year to year, caused by instable precipitation during vegetation period. The breeding problem solution consists of devel-opment of varieties, providing better adaptability of soybean agrocenosis by increasing the efficiency of the use of the available moisture resourses. The model of the adaptive variety was developed in VNIIMK, on which basis the breeding work is carried out. The ultra-early sowings of the crop – is the untraditional way of soybean yield stabilization. In the course of researches, held in 2008-2010 at VNIIMK, the principal possibility of soybean production in ultra-early sowings using frost-resistant varieties was ascertained. The breeding program for the development of special frost-resistant soybean varieties with low photosensibility was developed, and also the main elements of technology of cultivation of this crop in early term of the sowing were worked out. The complex of technological methods of soybean yield stabilization was worked out, which envisages the maintenance of the soil moisture by minimization of the soil processing during the pre-sowing period, optimization of the plant density and the use of the efficient controlling growth substances.