Breeding potential of promising offspring samples of introduced native grasses in the conditions of the Magadan oblast

In modern conditions for farms - producers of agricultural products located in the territory of the Magadan Oblast, the production of their own fodder is becoming more and more important. The least expensive way is to sow perennial feed grasses for haying and grazing livestock. It is necessary to select the assortment of grasses most adapted to local agroclimatic conditions, winter-hardy, with high yields, good adaptation to the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic factors. Development of clear criteria for selection of breeding material, enabling in the conditions of the North of the Far East to make a qualitative selection of source material for breeding forage crops on the basis of adapted, highly productive plant species of the local flora, will give an opportunity to restore and increase productivity of degraded pastures and hayfields of northern regions by including in agrophytocenosis newly created varieties of northern ecotypes of perennial grasses with relatively high nutrition and good palatability. The aim of the research is to test breeding samples of perennial grasses, selected on the basis of mobilizing the genetic resources of the natural flora of the Far East, for creating varieties with high quality indicators that are resistant to disease. The object of research is perennial grasses of breeding samples of Chukchi ecotype Arctagrostis latifolia (Rob. Brown) Grisebach and local ecotypes Beckmannia syzigachne (Steudel) Fern and Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. (ventricosus Pers.). It was found that formation of perennial grasses yield depends to a greater extent on weather conditions of the growing year, the sum of temperatures (r = 0,72 ± 0,04) and precipitation (r = 0,81 ± 0,03) during the interphase period from the beginning of spring regrowth to flowering. The offspring of breeding samples differ in a high degree of variability of the traits determining forage value: the number of generative (V=13-48%) and vegetative (15-58%) shoots per 1 bush, the height of the vegetative layer at the flowering phase (8-18%) and at the phase of mass ripening (8-15%), the length of 2 and 3 leaves (15-52% and 80-135% respectively), which determines the need to continue research in this direction.