Semiology of disturbances of the affective level of development in the context of the neuropathy of children and adolescents

In child psychiatry the main attention in scientific research was always paid to clinical forms -borderline states, neuroses, disorders of formation of the personality, mental retardation, borderline forms of residual and organic mental disorders. The neuropathy is considered as a special form of abnormality of the constitution - as abnormality of postnatal psychological development and as neuropathy diathesis, etiologically connected either with genetic factors, or with exogenous and organic pathology. Thus, in some cases the hereditary origin of the neuropathy is emphasized, in others - the important role of exogenous and organic injuries of the brain in its genesis is found conceivable. As most researchers note, in recent years the important place among child and adolescent borderline pathology is occupied by depressive disorders. Depression, both in children and adolescents, is detected with difficulty because depressive symptoms accumulate, as a rule, on psychological traits of age. The clinic of depressive neurosis has considerable differences during different periods of childhood. More typical manifestation is observed in puberty and partly at pre-puberty age. Low mood comes forward. Various somatovegetative disorders are almost always noted: loss of appetite, weight loss, constipation, insomnia. According to foreign researchers, manifestation of psychogenic depression in children of early age is mainly expressed in psychomotor disorder and in somatovegetative disturbances. In foreign literature the important part is assigned to orphanhood situation. Foreign psychiatrists attach special significance in the origin of depressive neurosis to disturbances of mother-child relationship in the first two years of child's life. The biopsychosocial model of assistance allows increasing efficiency of the multidisciplinary care directed at prevention, timely diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of emotional mental disorders in children and adolescents.