Similar phraseological units and their transfer in translation

The process of translating phraseological units, considered one of the most difficult and controversial tasks in the theory and practice of translation, this process requires a great deal of responsibility, creativity, care and skill from the translator.

In English and American linguistic literature, there is also no clear distinction between a proverb and a proverb. With the modern development of the theory of phraseology to use the concept of "saying" in its broadest sense, as is customary in folklore, is not relevant. Sayings as well as Proverbs are sentences. But these categories of phraseological units have significant differences in functional terms, since sayings do not have a directive, edifying and evaluative function. Proverbs are expressions of popular wisdom, and are characterized by a higher degree of abstraction than sayings.

Proverbs are characterized by stability of lexical composition and immutability of the order of lexemes associated with syntactic conditionality and wide use of expressive means. Native English zoomorphic phraseological units are associated with the traditions, customs and beliefs of the English people, as well as with realities, legends, historical facts. That is, many zoomorphic phraseological units originate from antiquity, from history, from centuries-old human observations of animals, phenomena and various historical events. Zoomorphisms in English describe the appearance, character and style of behavior, professional activity of a person, his attitude to the opposite sex, family, children and to himself. English shows a person as an individual, personality, focusing on such positive qualities as competitiveness, independence, discipline, diligence, condemning fraud, laziness and bad faith. Usually the dog is considered a friend of man, the first animal of which he tamed. However, the analysis of the material shows that the zoonym dog is more often used in English phraseological units with a negative assessment, expressing negative emotions, for example: dog on it "damn! Damn it!"; to treat smb like a dog- "treat like a dog»; to kill like a dog - "kill like a dog"; die like a dog - "die like a dog", etc. for example: He complained that he would have to die there alone, like a dog. Negative attitude and strong dislike to anyone can be expressed by the following phraseological units: lazy dog-"lazy"; (as) crooked as a dog's hind leg- "dishonest, dishonest"; dirty dog - "bad man, pig, dirty scum"; dog - poor-"naked as a Falcon"; dumb dogs are dangerous - "silent dogs are dangerous", etc.

Thus, the zoonym dog in phraseological units it is used to enhance emotional coloring. However, there are phraseological units with the zoonym dog, which can be traced and a positive assessment, but their number is extremely small: lucky dog - "lucky"; top dog - "master of the situation, the dominant side"; jolly dog - "merry"; love me, love my dog - "who is glad to guest, and the dog will feed him", etc. There are phraseological units and idiomatic complex words, in which the absence of assessment can be traced: dog-sleep - "light sleep, sleep fitfully"; to dog - "guard, stand guard"; water dog - "seasoned sailor"; dogs of war - "horrors of war"; shaggy-dog-story - "anecdote with a beard»; hot-dog - "sausage"; dog-end- " bull (cigarettes) "; let sleeping dogs lie -" don't Wake dashing while dashing sleeps".

In terms of the study of phraseological units, the creation of an adequate translation, the author's style and the style of translation, the reflection of the national color in the translation and the study of important theoretical problems are of great importance. Translation of phraseological units are of great importance in reflecting the individual author's style in translation. Due to the fact it would be appropriate to mention the following ideas scholar, translator Y.I. Recker: "in order to clearly convey the author's style a crucial element is the correct choice of lexical phraseological means." Thanks to artistic translation, the phraseology of the language is enriched. The role of phraseology in reflecting the national spirit expressed in the language of fiction is considered incomparable. Translation of phraseological units occupies the main place in translation activity. Therefore, the translator himself personally should be aware of this problem. Scientist translator A. B. Fedorov considers it appropriate to use the following methods in the translation of phraseological units:

• 1.    Accurate translation of phraseological units with full preservation of the meaning of their structure.

• 2.    With a partial change in the meaning or form of the phraseological units of the original

• 3.    The possibility of translating idioms by choosing the phraseology of the originals of their respective counterparts in the target language at the direction of the author, in cases of inapplicability of the first and second methods of translation of phraseological units is considered acceptable to replace them with available in the target language expressions in the portable value. This method occupies a huge place in the translation process. Each expression or phrase used with a figurative meaning is considered to be a valid phraseology for the translator. Included in the phraseological units, created and perfected by the people over the centuries, Proverbs, sayings and idioms became our rich heritage. Proverbs, being one of the genres of oral folk art with a brief form but deep content, were created on the basis of centuries - old life observations of the people, socio-economic, political and cultural experience.

Proverbs on their social, ideological tasks, become the expression of worldviews mostly broad popular masses, and in some cases a certain social stratum or groups. For this reason, the thematic scope of Proverbs is very extensive, and it will be impossible to limit this scope to a minor life reality, and therefore there is no sphere of social life that would not find its vivid reflection in the Proverbs. For example:

in English: Bad news has wings Les mauvaises nouvelles ont des ailes in Russian: Thin news on wings fly in Uzbek: Ёмон сўзнинг қаноти бор.. Proverbs are a huge Treasury of our speech to Express our thoughts clearly, clearly and figuratively, and their application with art makes the work of the writer, the speech of the speaker meaningful and attractive, contribute to becoming more impressionable for the figurative expression of his thoughts. Comparative study of Proverbs and the process of their translation are of scientific and practical importance. It is also worth mentioning the presence of literal, explanatory or descriptive methods in the translation of phraseological units.

For example:

in English: He laughs best who laughs last in Russian: he laughs Best who laughs last.

In the Uzbek language: Охирги кулган яхши кулади. The study of the corresponding equivalents to words and expressions, the use of expressions equivalent in meaning to those disclosed in the work, expanding the limits of the imagery of the translation, contribute to a more expressive reading of it. The transfer of idioms and the meanings of words in their structure, considered one of the most common ways of translation, contributes to the entry of new phraseological units in the target language works and the enrichment of phraseological composition of the language. This position can be clearly seen in the following examples:

for Example:

in English: Health is better than wealth.

in Russian: in a healthy body-a healthy mind.

In the Uzbek language: Нима эксанг, шуни ўрасан. According to the famous writer M. Sholokhov," neither intellect, nor history, nor social system, nor traditions, nor the worldview of written folk art are not as profoundly expressed as his Proverbs and sayings." Proverbs and sayings having a brief form and deep content, are considered a very important means of expressing a clear, clear and imaginative thought.

Many scientists claim the existence of similar Proverbs, sayings and idioms in many languages. Experienced in everyday life, having a good, complete General meaning, having a brief ringing form, considered folk wisdom, Proverbs are used to revive speech and to make it attractive, imaginative and more meaningful.

The process of translation of phraseological units of originals, using the equivalents contained in the translation language, is considered one of the most common ways of translation. In this method, despite the fact that the form changes, the closest semantics expression is chosen.

As a result of my research, it would be expedient to assert that phraseological units, being diverse in ideological content, spiritual and moral outcome, have characteristic features and stylistic function. In connection with the similarity of the law of thought in all nations and the existence of their close to each other beliefs and ideas, even in languages differing in structure can be created the same or similar in meaning Proverbs and sayings.