Golden currant of Altai breeding - a valuable source of biologically active substances

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the biochemical composition of the berries of currant varieties of Golden Altai selection, depending on the color of the berries. The study was carried out at the FSBSI FASCA in the Department of the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko in 2016-2020. When characterizing the temperature regime, the sum of active temperatures during the period of berry ripening was taken into account. For comparison, the varieties are divided into three groups depending on the color of the fruit: I - black; II - almost black (with dark brown, cherry, burgundy hues), III - yellow. Differences in biochemical indicators of SDS were noted: in group I - 13.3-18.2 %; II - 15.4-16.9; III - 13.9-18.0 %. The sugar content in group I was 8.4-12.6 %; II - 10.3-11.1; III - 8.6-14.2 %. For the accumulation of SDS and sugars, favorable weather conditions developed in 2018-2020. The acidity of berries is low (0.6-1.6 %) in all varieties. There were no significant differences in the content of vitamin C in the samples, the best results were obtained by the Yubilei Altai variety (66.9 mg/100 g) and selected forms 4266-07-1 and 4270-06-1 (60.3 mg/100 g each). The number of carotenoids in variety samples had significant differences, the coefficient of variation was 31.6-39.6 %. In group I, their content was 1.4-5.4; in II - 2.0-4.0; in III - 1.0-4.1 mg/100 g. High values of carotenoids were noted in 2016, 2020. According to the content of pectin and the amount of pectin substances in variety samples by groups, the differences are insignificant (0.9-1.0 %). The maximum values were observed in group I for samples 1-06-32 (1.3 and 1.5 %), II - 2-06-48 (1.1 and 1.4 %), group III - 4190-06-9 (1.5 and 1.8 %). The degree of esterification is high, averaging 67.9-90.2 % for the sample.