Semantic structure as a translation invariant

This work is devoted to the study of lexical and grammatical transformations in the translation of a literary text from German into Russian in the context of invariance. Despite the large number of works devoted to this issue, the problem of translation of literary texts is not closed, especially when it comes to studies of translation from German into Russian. There is a need to systematize and study in practice the types of lexical and grammatical transformations used in the translation of literary texts. This study presents a detailed method for considering various types of lexico-grammatical transformations (using the works of Franz Kafka as an example). The subject of the research is the features of the application and functioning of lexical and grammatical transformations in a literary text.