Social Activity and Lifestyle as Determinants of Longevity: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Analysis

This article examines regional differences in expected healthy life expectancy (EHLE) in the Russian Federation and their socio‑economic determinants in the context of forming active longevity policy. The study analyses the impact of a range of factors on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of population life duration, taking into account population ageing and structural changes in society. Special attention is paid to the effect of the regional pace of life on population health indicators and to the assessment of the effectiveness of anti‑tobacco policy since 2013. The methodology for calculating EHLE using modified life tables based on the Sullivan approach, which incorporates morbidity and functional limitations, is considered. The article also analyses strategic planning mechanisms and the implementation of the national project “Demography” with respect to active longevity measures at the federal and regional levels. It is found that regional differentiation of EHLE remains substantial and is shaped by socio‑economic, environmental and demographic factors. A statistically significant negative effect of the regional pace of life on expected life duration is established at its extreme values, which substantiates the need to manage the rhythm of life at the territorial level. The effectiveness of anti‑tobacco policy as an important contribution to population health improvement is confirmed, although interregional disparities persist. A differentiated approach to the development of regional active longevity strategies is justified, including balancing the pace of life, strengthening primary prevention, investing in healthcare and education, and regular monitoring of EHLE as a target indicator. The study concludes that a comprehensive approach to active longevity is strategically important for strengthening the demographic potential of Russian regions.