Socio-cultural challenges of modern school: experience of phenomenological analysis

the article describes and analyzes social and cultural challenges as phenomena that create sustainable tensions in the field of education and in school in particular. Challenges are singled out, which in the present time are manifested to a great extent and certainty, as well as challenges that tend to increase, which will become relevant for Russian education in the near future. Based on the approaches to the description of social and cultural challenges at the factors by professor A. V. Mudrik, the author characterizes the consequences of these challenges for the development of schools as social organizations. The hypotheses about the psychological consequences of social and cultural challenges for modern schoolchildren are discussed. The following scenarios of schools' answers to the social and cultural challenges of the present and foreseeable future are singled out: «Rearguard», «Synergic», «Vanguard», «Countercultural», «Spontaneity». The factors that contribute to the implementation of this or that scenario for the school and for education in general are described. It is emphasized that without the analysis of contemporary challenges to school education, it is impossible to build effective state educational policy and develop the school as an educational organization.