Sociological views of eastern thinkers

During the historical development of world civilization in the IX-XII century, the first was the miracle of the East. During this period, the territory of Egypt, Mesopotamia, India, China, Central Asia, belonging to the ancient Eastern Region was formed as the first sparrows of human civilization.

The period of Eastern Awakening is clearly distinguished by the following important factors and features in the essence of its content:

• 1.    The development of secular knowledge, Islamic beliefs in culture, their interpretation from the point of view of the interests of society and people;

• 2.    Cultural heritage, values, achievements of different countries, peoples (Arab, Iranian, Greek, Indian, Turkish and other) the need to use spiritual wealth;

• 3.    Astronomy, mathematics, mineralogy, geography, chemistry and natural sciences;

• 4.    Human friendship, the promotion of ideas of high morality, the formation of a perfect human personality and adult;

• 5.    The growth of philosophy and historical sciences;

• 6.    Literature, music, artistic culture, wide range of discourse;

• 7.    Knowledge, wisdom in an encyclopedic way find wide recognition, etc. These main factors and features of the Renaissance period were the development of secular science-these, undoubtedly, served as important criteria for measuring the rise of the spirituality of mankind.

Thus, in the VIII-XII centuries, the formation, development and ascent to the high peaks of the first medieval Muslim culture in Central Asia, the interaction and mixing of cultures became important.

The culture of this period is interpreted as the culture of the period of awakening in the Middle East in the literature. In fact, the Arab culture of the Middle East at this time expressed itself the cultural rise of the period of awakening with its content, direction, achievements. The culture of the Renaissance had a great influence on the recent cultural upsurge in other countries.

Economic and cultural relations between newly formed Muslim countries in the Middle East have intensified. Exchange with cultural samples, mutual spiritual influence intensified. The ancient Indian, Iranian, Arab, Greek cultural wealth was mixed and a new cultural layer appeared in the literature, which was called "Muslim culture".

Incredibly rich in the traditions of ancient culture, the peoples of Central Asia have elevated their culture during this period. Awakening, which was the result of the rapid development of cities, urban culture and the emergence of cultural ties, the Renaissance began in this period, the science of Central Asia, spirituality, created unprecedented examples in history.

Farabi, Abu Ali ibn Sina, Beruni, Firdavsi, Rudaki, Bukhari, Ahmad Yughnaki, Mahmud Qashgari, Zamakhshari etc. are the rocks and peaks of the cultural rise of the same period. Even the Arab Caliphate is historically known that Mamun led the scholars of Central Asia to the center of the caliphate, and they served as the sight of the Baghdad Academy for science. Muhammad is one of such scholars as Khorezmi, Ahmad Fergani, Javhari, Ibn Mansur Marvarudi. In Central Asia, during this period, three languages were invented:

Arabic, Persian, Turkish, the fruits of thought were sealed in inscriptions and reached different corners of the East.

The culture of this period was able to rise to the heights of universal values with its strong humanistic spirit, the breath of humanism, the call of people to mutual friendship, respect for the mind.

The great encyclopedic scientist and philosopher of this period is Abu Nasr Farabi (873-950). He was born in Utror and received his primary education in the cities of Shosh, Bukhara, Samarkand. Then he lived in Baghdad for a long time and had a scientific dialogue with scientists of his time. He spent the end of his life in Khalab. He has created more than 160 brochures on their various fields. He was awarded the title of "Al muallim as-soniy" ("second teacher", in the East Aristotle was known as "first teacher") for his achievements in Greek science, in particular for his deep knowledge of the heritage of Aristotle, developing them in the East.

His treatises include mathematics, philology, medicine, ethics, musicology, government administration, in particular, philosophy and the science of logic.

Abu Ali ibn Sina raised Farabi's progressive thoughts to a higher level. He was born and raised in Bukhara (9803037), then he was in many cities of Central Asia, Iran, died in Kharnadon.

This encyclopedic scientist, who later became famous in Europe under the name "Avitsenna", studied in depth all the sciences of his time; left about 500 treatises, poems, especially he left an indelible mark in the development of culture with his research in philosophy, logic and medicine, became world-famous.

He wrote his works in Arabic and Persian, in this language he also created wonderful poems, scientific epics. Among his largest works are "Kitob qonun fit tib" ("the law of science of medicine"), "Kitob ash-shifo" ("the book of healing the soul"), "Kitob an insof" ("book of insof"). In the second book of “Al-qonun”, the properties of about 800 drugs, the methods of their preparation and consumption of wipes can prove this. There are also works of "Donishnoma". In addition to medicine, Ibn Sina has been actively engaged in many natural and social sciences and has achieved significant achievements.

The contemporaries of Ibn Sina are Abu Rayhon Beruni, the great encyclopedic great scientist of his time (973-1048). Beruni is the author of works and brochures about 150 different fields. Beruni's works, such as "Hindiston", "Geodeziya", "Mineralogiya", "Masud qonuni", "Utmish avlod xotiralari" are of great importance.

Abu Rayhon Beruni, who made the same great contribution to the development of natural and Social Sciences, managed to lay the foundation stone of the sciences of geology, mineralogy, geodesy, geography, pharmacology, is also among the bright stars of the sky of science-urfun.

It is known that the Arabs used figures based on the Greek alphabet until the invasion of Iraq, Egypt and Syria. And since the VII century, numbers denoted by letters of the Arabic alphabet were used. Al-Khorezmi learned, simplified the system of counting, from the 10 number he discovered in India, and for the first time explained it in Arabic. Along with Al-Khorezmi "arithmetic", Indian numbers also entered the Arab world. It spreads to other countries of Europe in the 12th century. The Arabic number is still referred to as the world. Al-Khwarizmi, who introduced him to the world, was also mentioned in the Indian work of Abu Rayhon Beruni. He headed the activities of the scientific Academy of Baghdad of his time, which greatly influenced the rise of his prestige.

The name of Akhmad al-Fergani, who made important discoveries in the fields of astronomy, geography and other sciences, is also associated with eternity. So, the scientist's works such as "a book about the basics of Astronomy", "Al-Fergani charts", "about the calculation of the seven climates" brought the scientist world fame in the science of astronomy. He is also the first great geographer, who made the first map of the Earth's sphere. He not only gained fame in the Eastern world, but also earned the honor of Western scientists. Therefore, he is famous in Europe for the name "Alfraganus". Al-

In conclusion, the spiritual heritage of the Eastern thinkers is of great importance in the world civilization, and as periods pass, their dignity will increase even more. After all, it is the duty of the younger generation to study and practice the philosophical, spiritual and didactic views of Eastern thinkers.