Some questions of social defense people in Uzbekistan during the Second World War

The state system of social protection of the needy part of the population in Uzbekistan was formed in the 20-ies. XX century. The first decrees of the Council of People's Commissars were organized by the social welfare departments, orphans were brought up, pensions and cash benefits were paid to former Red Army men, wounded, families of servicemen, the elderly, disabled people and others.

During the war years (1939-1945), the provision of large-scale and specifically directed social protection became the most urgent and vital issue for the survival of a certain part of the population. Many of our compatriots from the first days of the war participated in the battles and made a worthy contribution to the victory over fascism. More than 1.4 million people were sent from Uzbekistan to the war, many of whom were awarded state awards for their courage and heroism.Many people went to war, and very few of them returned alive and healthy. Most of those who returned were disabled or injured.

Great help was rendered to the front by the population of the republic by their selfless labor, hospitality and tolerant attitude towards the settlers. Important industrial and cultural objects were evacuated from the front and front lines, as well as from areas occupied by the fascists, children, women, elderly people and some employees of enterprises were resettled. Local authorities in the shortest time taken the necessary measures to provide evacuated people with housing, food, work and medical and other material assistance.

The materials stored in the archives of the Republic of Uzbekistan can directly serve as the foregoing. For example, in the state archive there are foundations, documents in which there are facts on the implementation of social protection of the population in the period under review. By their nature these documents represent decrees, decrees, orders and reports on the activities of the authorities on social protection. Based on the nature of the archival sources, they can be divided into the following groups:

• -    Decrees and orders on the organization of the Department and departments for state benefits to large families and single mothers;

• -    Decisions on the state custody and household organization of military families;

• -    Measures to improve the overall condition of catering in working canteens;

• -    Taking into account, payment of pensions and rendering material assistance to war invalids by social security departments[1].

Among the archive sources included in the first group, one can welcome the example of the decision of the Council of People's Commissars of Uzbekistan No. 1032 "On the organization of the Office and the departments of state benefits for large and single mothers", which notes the following:

• " ... in order to improve material assistance to pregnant women, mothers with many children and single mothers, encourage large families and strengthen the

protection of motherhood and childhood, the Council of People's Commissars of the Uzbek SSR decides:

To organize, as part of the National Finances Office of the Uzbek SSR, the Office for State Benefits of Large and Single Mothers consisting of six units with a monthly payroll fund of six thousand rubles [2]". In addition, the social security authorities recorded the number of mothers with many children, they were awarded special medals, services were provided to improve living conditions in the dwellings. In the sphere of social security, the protection, provision and household organization of military families was an important issue. It should be noted that during the work of social departments on the ground there were also some major shortcomings, for the elimination of which a special resolution of the Council of People’s Commissars was adopted. In this archive document it is noted that “in a number of departments of state provision and household organization of families of servicemen at district and city executive committees, applications of families of servicemen are not considered for two and three months, sometimes families do not receive the benefits or pensions prescribed by law“[3].

“In connection with this, the Tashkent Regional Executive Committee was asked to eliminate the existing shortcomings and violations in the social security and household servicing of military families within a month. In addition, the SNK UzSSR decided to oblige the prosecutor of the Tashkent region comrade. Yusupova in ten days to finish the investigation on embezzlement and embezzlement”[4].

An analysis of archival documents relating to the payment of pensions and the provision of material assistance, the issues of placing war invalids on the job, shows that in this direction the colossal work was accomplished and the shortcomings were eliminated. For example, in Decree No. 282 of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Uzbek SSR it is said that one thousand 300 disabled war veterans were employed in the system of the Narcoopin Council. This indicator was decided to increase and eliminate shortcomings with the employment of persons of this category. The resolution numbered 1556 SNK UzSSR contains data on the work on the appointment and payment of pensions, allowances and home improvement of homes for disabled war veterans, labor and families of military personnel. The document notes the following: “Oblast, rayon and city executive committees are not systematically dealing with the status of work on the appointment and payment of pensions, allowances for war invalids. Head of the Department for State Support under the SNK of the Uzbek SSR comrade. Mukhiddinova did not check on November 1 the correctness of appointments and payments of pensions and benefits for the Samarkand region and the Karakalpak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The cases of the appointment of pensions and benefits have not been eliminated in the manner of an individual order. The Council of the Council of People’s Commissars decides: ... to put in order in a month’s time all paperwork and documentation on the issue of pensions and benefits.” Social protection of the needy and needy part of the population was constantly improved, data was refined, new programs were developed and adopted to ensure its full development and development.

In conclusion, I would like to note that during Second World War, many people were in trouble: there were not enough basic things, food, clothing, housing problems, there were problems with obtaining pensions and benefits, but without looking at it, much attention was given to social protection of the population.And first of all social security was wounded serviceman, their families, mothers-loners and large families. The given data only partially give an idea of the large-scale works in this field.