Improvement of some elements of oil flax cultivation in conditions of the southern region of the Russian Federation

The researches on improvement of some elements of oil flax cultivation were conducted in conditions of unstable moistening on leached chernozem (Krasnodar) and in subhumid conditions on common chernozem (Opornysettl., Azovsky district, Rostov region) in 2012- 2014. The oil flax cultivars VNIIMK 620 and Nebesny were used in researches. The following elements were studied: fertilizers application in dozes N60 and N 60P 30K 30 under presowing cultivation and N 30 separately as dressing of plants at stem extension stage, presowing seed treatment with a special insecticide-fungicide composition developed at VNIIMK and successfully used to control pests and diseases at the first stages of oil flax vegetation. It resulted that the cultivar VNIIMK 620 compared to the cultivar Nebesny had the higher yield of seeds in conditions of unstable moistening - on 0.35 t/ha and in subhumid conditions - on 0.10 t/ha. The application of all dozes of fertilizers promotes the increase of a crop productivity on 0.03-0.23 t/ha. The presowing treatment promotes the yield conservation in the subhumid conditions and an increase of crop yield on 0.11 t/ha. The seed treatment is necessary at high populations of insects damaging flax seedlings and prevalence of Fusariose to obtain the high yields of seeds of good quality in the southern region of the Russian Federation. And also it must be used nitrogen or complex mineral fertilizers under presowing cultivation or nitrogen fertilizers separately at stem extension stage by dressing.