Modern morphological approaches in prostate pathology detection

Prostate diseases are among the most common ones in men. Disease incidence is increasing both in the Russian Federation and all over the world. Objective. The purpose of the study is to examine the morphological aspects of benign hyperplasia and cancer using scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed morphological data of 30 patients with cancer (stage 1-3) and 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The samples were examined using FE1 Quanta 200 3D and FE1 Quanta 600 FEG microscopes. Statistical processing was performed calculating intensive and extensive parameters of the mean values. Statistical significance of the mean and relative quantitative values was determined by Student's t-test. Results. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is characterized by stromal sclerosis, abnormal prostate glands with areas of glandular hyperplasia, including atypical conglomerates with loose cell-cell contacts. In addition, hemorrhages were observed in cancer. As the tumor progressed, cell polymorphism increased, and tumor emboli were formed. Conclusion. Scanning electron microscopy can detect atypical cells. The detection of atypical cells in patients with benign hyperplasia is a poor prognostic sign, as it indicates possible tumor progression. Tumor emboli formation in cancer indicates stage 3 and is associated with a high risk of metastasis.