Modern problems of improving working conditions (based on the materials of a sociological survey in the Republic of Bashkortostan)

The paper reveals the features of the socio-professional structure of society. The focus is on the assessment of working conditions in various sectors of the economy. The scientific results were obtained on the basis of a sociological study conducted in 2021 by the method of questioning the employed population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the age range of 19-69 years. The obtained data were processed by means of the SPSS software package using data correlation analysis. The study revealed that the main sources of tension in labor activity are long-term stress, fatigue, and overwork. This is especially true for intellectual workers. Health self-assessments showed that, regardless of the sphere of social production, the largest part of the respondents suffer from visual impairments. An important reason for the ill health of workers in education, healthcare, and science is psycho-emotional stress in the conditions of the labor process, which leads to disorders of the central nervous system. Among the most relevant measures for leveling the negative factors of labor activity, the respondents pointed to measures that contribute to expanding the possibility of obtaining sanatorium and resort vouchers, organizing departmental medical care, as well as reducing the share of manual labor.