Modern possibilities with early laboratory diagnosis of periprosthetic osteolysis predating aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasty (literature review)

Implant survival is a very important outcome measure of surgical treatment of patients with severe degenerative joint disease in the hip. The aim of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on the possibilities for earlier laboratory diagnosis of osteolysis and prognostic approaches to prevent aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants. Results Periprosthetic osteolysis is often seen as an early sign of an adverse event associated with the development of unstable total hip arthroplasty (THA). A lot of data support the concept of osteolysis as a condition caused by biomechanical stresses, surgery specific factors, preoperative decrease and postoperative loss of bone mineral density, vascular impairment and chronic inflammation. Hemostasiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of patients were explored before and after THA. Surgical intervention was treated as the cause of secondary immunodeficiency, and results of the recovery period evaluated with regard to the extent to which immunodeficiency appeared to be compensated. Dynamics in stress related bone remodeling around the implant was found to be be a marker for early detection of osteolysis and prediction of aseptic loosening of THA, as well as control over the "target" of drug exposure. Conclusion Literature review suggests that there is a common understanding of the pathogenesis of osteolysis and the development of aseptic loosening of THA, and there is scanty data on the laboratory markers for early diagnosis and prediction of the complication that would require further study.