Modern challenges in the theory and methodology of sports training: from standardization to personalization

The authors have revealed the mechanisms of the impact of circular, interval, combined and competitive methods on the development of physical qualities and functional systems of an athlete. The target audiences and conditions for the effective use of each method have been identified, which makes it possible to optimize the training process, minimize risks and purposefully manage athletic fitness. The article is devoted to the methodological problems of the modern sports training system. The key challenges are analyzed: the terminological ambiguity of the classification of methods, the conflict of standardization and individualization. It is scientifically proven that the parallel development of various physical qualities, such as strength and endurance, leads to mutual suppression of adaptive reactions at the molecular level. Strategies for minimizing negative impacts are considered as a solution.: block periodization, optimal load distribution in micro- and mesocycles, and the priority of a personalized approach in planning the training process.