Current views on the problem of donor material preservation in endothelial keratoplasty (review)

Objective: to evaluate the approaches to donor graft preparation in endothelial keratoplasty, to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The review presents works on posterior keratoplasty with pre-en-grafted grafts using modern preservation techniques; the sample for the last 16 years from 2006 to 2022, publications are available for study from the main scientific databases PubMed, eLibrary.ru. Fifty literary sources were included in the final analysis. Currently, descemet membrane transplantation has become the gold standard of endothelial disease treatment. This operation allows to achieve high visual function and is the most selective and pathogenetically oriented, but has a number of technical disadvantages associated with the preparation of a donor graft. These disadvantages include long time spent on descemet membrane isolation, high risk of damage and rejection of deficient material intraoperatively, which requires high surgical skills. Given the above, approaches to preliminary preservation of the descemet membrane, which compensate for the time in the operating room and reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage to the donor material, began to originate in clinical practice.