Spatial structures of the initial/early Upper Paleolithic at Tolbor-21, Northern Mongolia
Автор: Marchenko D.V., Khatsenovich A.M., Bolorbat T., Gunchinsuren B., Zwyns N., Paine C., Rybin E.P.
Журнал: Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia @journal-aeae-en
Статья в выпуске: 3 т.51, 2023 года.
Бесплатный доступ
This article describes the spatial structures of archaeological horizon 4 at Tolbor-21 in northern Mongolia, on the basis of data from 2015–2017. The presence of non-utilitarian items, faunal remains with traces of human impact, and the use of fi re render this site near outcrops of raw materials promising for the reconstruction of the spatial organization of Early Upper Paleolithic sites in northern Mongolia. Spatial analysis included visual observations and statistical procedures (clustering with two algorithms) aimed at identifying patterns in the distribution of fi nds in various areas. The infl uence of natural processes on the distribution of artifacts was evaluated with fabric analysis based on the positions of the long axes of fi nds. As a result, it was found that solifl uction variously affected the archaeological horizon in different parts of the slope. The effect was strongest in excavation 2, where two possibly overlapping episodes of fi rerelated activity have been reconstructed. Nevertheless, it is possible to separate two complexes differing in terms of fi nds, including signifi cantly modifi ed tools and bones with traces of human impact (“fi replace 1”) and a concentration of small artifacts (“fi replace 2”). In the upper part of the slope (excavation 4), near the stone structure, an accumulation of cores at the advanced reduction stages is reconstructed, as well as an area where ungulate carcasses were butchered. An area associated with primary reduction has been separated in excavation 1. The differential use of the camp area by its inhabitants seems to be an important feature of the subsistence strategy of the population of northern Mongolia during the initial stages of the Upper Paleolithic.
Northern mongolia, initial upper paleolithic, early upper paleolithic, spatial analysis, fabric analysis, spatial clusterization
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/145146923
IDR: 145146923 | DOI: 10.17746/1563-0110.2023.51.3.059-066
Список литературы Spatial structures of the initial/early Upper Paleolithic at Tolbor-21, Northern Mongolia
- Adolfsson A., Ackerman M., Brownstein N.C. 2019 To cluster, or not to cluster: An analysis of clusterability methods. Pattern Recognition, vol. 88: 13–26.
- Bertran P., Texier J.-P. 1995 Fabric analysis: Application to Paleolithic sites. Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 22: 521–535.
- Derevianko A.P., Rybin E.P., Gladyshev S.A., Gunchinsuren B., Tsybankov A.A., Olsen J.W. 2013 Early Upper Paleolithic stone tool technologies of Northern Mongolia. The case of Tolbor-4 and Tolbor-15). Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 4: 21–37.
- Gallo G., Fyhrie M., Paine C., Ushakov S.V., Izuho M., Gunchinsuren B., Zwyns N., Navrotsky A. 2021 Characterization of structural changes in modern and archaeological burnt bone: Implications for differential preservation bias. PLoS ONE, vol. 16 (7). Art. No. e0254529.
- Khatsenovich A.M., Rybin E.P., Gunchinsuren B., Olsen J.W. 2015 Kostrishcha stoyanki Tolbor-15: Planigrafi ya poseleniya i deyatelnost cheloveka v ranney stadii verkhnego paleolita Mongolii. Vestnik Novosibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ser.: Istoriya. Filologiya, vol. 14 (7): 38–49.
- Khatsenovich A.M., Rybin E.P., Zotkina L.V., Gunchinsuren B., Bolorbat T., Odsuren D., Olsen J.W., Shelepaev R.A., Popov A.Y. 2017 New evidence for Paleolithic human behavior in Mongolia: The Kharganyn Gol 5 site. Quaternary International, vol. 442: 78–94.
- Kintigh K.W., Ammerman A.J. 1982 Heuristic approaches to spatial analysis in archaeology. American Antiquity, vol. 47: 31–63.
- Kolobova K.A. 2004 Priyemy oformleniya kamennykh orudiy v paleoliticheskikh industriyakh Gornogo Altaya. Novosibirsk: Izd IAET SO RAN.
- Kolomiets V.L., Gladyshev S.A., Bezrukova E.V., Rybin E.P., Letunova P.P., Abzaeva A.A. 2009 Environment and human behavior in Northern Mongolia during the Upper Pleistocene. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia, No. 1: 2–14.
- Konstantinov M.V. 1994 Kamenniy vek vostochnogo regiona Baikalskoy Azii: K Vsemirnomu arkheologicheskomu inter-kongressu (Zabaikalye, 1996). Ulan-Ude: Izd. BION BNC SO RAN, Chita: Chit. Gos. Ped. Inst.
- Lbova L.V. 2000 Paleolit severnoy zony Zapadnogo Zabaikalya. Ulan-Ude: Izd. BNC SO RAN.
- Leonova N.B. 1994 Sovremennoye paleolitovedeniye: Metodologiya, kontseptsii, podkhody: D. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Moscow.
- Marchenko D.V., Rybin E.P., Khatsenovich A.M. 2020 Izucheniye prostranstvennogo zonirovaniya kamennykh artefaktov na stoyanke Tolbor-4 (Severnaya Mongoliya) v fi nale MIS-3 posredstvom klasternogo analiza. Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy, No. 2: 128–137.
- McPherron S.J.P. 2018 Additional statistical and graphical methods for analyzing site formation processes using artifact orientations. PLoS ONE, vol. 13 (1). Art. No. e0190195.
- Nelson F.E. 1985 A preliminary investigation of solifl uction macrofabrics. Catena, vol. 12: 23–33.
- R Core Team. 2023 R: A language and environment for statistical computing. URL: https://www.R-project.org/ (Accessed February 20, 2023).
- Rybin E.P. 2020 Regionalnaya variabelnost kamennykh industriy nachala verkhnego paleolita v Yuzhnoy Sibiri i vostochnoy chasti Tsentralnoy Azii: D. Sc. (History) Dissertation. Novosibirsk.
- Rybin E.P., Klementiev A.M., Rendu W., Khatsenovich A.M., Marchenko D.V., Gunchinsuren B. 2019 Faunisticheskiy nabor i planigraficheskaya struktura stoyanki nachalnogo verkhnego paleolita v Severnoy Mongolii (Tolbor-21). In Problemy arkheologii, etnografi i, antropologii Sibiri i sopredelnykh territoriy, vol. XXV. Novosibirsk: Izd. IAET SO RAN, pp. 231–237.
- Rybin E.P., Paine C.H., Khatsenovich A.M., Tsedendorj B., Talamo S., Marchenko D.V., Rendu W., Klementiev A.M., Odsuren D., Gillam J.C., Gunchinsuren B., Zwyns N. 2020 A new Upper Paleolithic occupation at the site of Tolbor-21 (Mongolia): Site formation, human behaviour and implications for the regional sequence. Quaternary International, vol. 559: 133–149.
- Tabarev A.V., Gunchinsuren B., Gillam J.C., Gladyshev S.A., Dogandjic T., Zwyn N., Bolorbat C., Odsuren D. 2012 Kompleks pamyatnikov kamennogo veka v doline r. Ikh-Tulberijn-gol, Severnaya Mongoliya. Arkheologiyn sudlal, vol. XXX: 51–64.
- Tashak V.I. 2016 Vostochniy kompleks paleoliticheskogo poseleniya Podzvonkaya v Zapadnom Zabaikalye. Irkutsk: Izd. Inst. Geografi i im. V.B. Sochavy SO RAN.
- Whallon R. 1984 Unconstrained clustering for the analysis of spatial distributions in archaeology. In Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 242–277.
- Zwyns N., Paine C., Bolorbat T., Talamo S., Fitzsimmons K., Gantumur A., Guunii L., Davakhuu O., Flas D., Dogandzic T., Doerschner N., Welker F., Gillam J.C., Noyer J.B., Bakhtiary R.S., Allshouse A.F., Smith K.N., Khatsenovich A.M., Rybin E.P., Gunchinsuren B., Hublin J.-J. 2019 The northern route for human dispersal in Central and Northeast Asia: New evidence from the site of Tolbor-16, Mongolia. Scientifi c Reports, vol. 9 (1). Art. No. 11759.