Specifics of integrating artificial intelligence into teaching and learning: Evaluating the development of cognitive flexibility among university students majoring in various fields

Introduction. This article explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the educational process at a university. The article aims to identify attitudes toward AI (technophobia/technophilia) based on cognitive flexibility of university students majoring in different fields. Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the study was the concept of personality development, emphasizing the individual’s active involvement in their own transformation and development, as well as their engagement with the external environment (E. F. Zeer, A. N. Leontiev, et al.). Changes in the external environment are reflected in the transformation of personality structure. The digital environment plays a key role, determining the direction, content, and nature of personality development, especially among students. Empirical methods included psychological assessment techniques and methods of mathematical statistics. The sample included 146 full-time students majoring in various fields of study. Results. The results show that students majoring in various fields use generative AI models in learning. A comparative analysis revealed that students majoring in Education have the highest degree of technophobia toward AI technologies, specifically the belief that digital technologies will replace humans. Students majoring in Psychological sciences demonstrate cognitive adaptability and perceive difficult situations as controllable. Students majoring in Information Technologies have a more positive attitude toward digital technologies. A correlation was found between technophobia/technophilia and cognitive flexibility among students of different majors. Conclusions. The authors concluded that attitudes towards AI (technophobia/technophilia) depend on cognitive flexibility; a positive attitude towards AI integration demonstrates cognitive adaptability, while cognitive rigidity is combined with fear and anxiety.