Comparative analysis of the legal status and features of the forms of management of an apartment building

This research article examines the legal features of three forms of management of apartment buildings: direct management, HOA and management companies. The differences in legal status, financing mechanisms, and responsibility allocation are analyzed. Special attention is paid to practical aspects: the difficulties of changing the management organization, the dual legal nature of the HOA, and the problems of fundraising under direct management. The key advantages and disadvantages of each form have been identified in terms of tenant control, financial efficiency, and abuse risks.