Comparative analysis of polyphenol extraction technologies from plant raw materials

The objective of the study is to analyze and identify effective technologies for obtaining polyphenolic compounds from plant materials for their subsequent use in the production of functional foods. The study was conducted from 2020 to 2025 and was based on an analysis of 70 scientific publications from international databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Science) and Russian electronic libraries (eLibrary, Russian Science Citation Index, Scholar). Various methods of polyphenol extraction were analyzed: physical (including ultrasonic, microwave, and supercritical fluid extraction); chemical (using organic solvents); and combined methods. The main advantages and limitations of various extraction technologies were identified. Currently widespread traditional extraction methods are characterized by high consumption of organic solvents, lengthy process times, the inability to precisely control parameters, etc. The development of innovative extraction technologies is aimed at minimizing the negative impact on the environment while maintaining high process efficiency. The efficiency of various extraction methods was determined in %: supercritical fluid extraction – 64; ultrasonic extraction – 58; microwave extraction – 37; membrane technology – 75; traditional boiling extraction – 50. The most effective in terms of extraction and preservation of polyphenolic substances is supercritical fluid extraction (up to 95 % extraction) followed by freezedrying. It was established that combined extraction methods, combining high efficiency, environmental friendliness and economic feasibility, are of the greatest practical interest. Further development of modern technologies for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from plant raw materials is aimed at increasing their efficiency, improving economic indicators and expanding the scope of application.