Middle Neolithic burials in Baikal-Yenisey Siberia: problems of cultural identity and genesis

The study focuses on the analysis of Middle Neolithic burial complexes of the Baikal-Yenisey Siberia. Based on a series of reliable radiocarbon dates, their age lies within the range of6190-5900 cal BP. It partly corresponds to the end of the hiatus in mortuary traditions of Cis-Baikal. Features of the burial rite and funerary offerings are analyzed and compared with those of neighboring territories. One of the most frequent images in the art of the Middle Neolithic Baikal-Yenisey Siberia is that of the waterfowl, rendered in figurines. The common grave goods are leaf-shaped stone arrowheads, shell beads, and pendants made of animal bones and teeth. The funerary rite included the use of fire and mineral pigment, as well as disrupting the anatomical integrity of the skeletons, possibly due to partial burial (the data are tentative). Most burials of the late stage of the hiatus are evidently those of hunter-gatherers manufacturing the Ust-Belaya ceramics, which were found in certain burials. A bone arrowhead with a biconicalpoint andfigurines representing waterfowl suggest cultural ties with Urals and Western Siberia, but their nature has yet to be clarified, which requires large-scale AMS-dating and paleogenetic analysis.