Tнe formation of the concept of “cultural memory” in the works of Maurice Halbwachs and Jan Assmann: from collective to cultural memory

The article examines two concepts of memory collective and cultural. The first of them is associated with the name of Maurice Halbwachs, and the second, which arose on its basis, with the name of Jan Assmann. M. Halbwachs rightly believed that collective and individual memory are socially determined. Based on the ideas of M. Halbwachs, J. Assmann identified four factors with which various forms of memory are associated mimetic, objective, communicative and cultural. Moreover, it is cultural memory that occupies a central place in his research for two reasons: firstly, other forms of collective memory can be reduced to it; secondly, cultural memory is combined with the problem of identity, which is one of the key socio philosophical problems of our time.