Strategic importance and prospects of development institutes in the Russian economy

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Development institutes, taking into account all the variants of definitions, are the organizations which are the tools of the implementation of the economic policy of the state at the federal and regional levels of administration. The resource provision and a definite isolation of development institutes allow carrying out various functions. The innovative and institutional modernization of the Russian economy, activation of regional development and growth of the managerial efficiency are thought to be the main and © Pozhilova I.V., 2018

the most important functions of development [3]. The development institutes are defined also as the tools of regional, territorial, industrial, financial, investment, innovative and informational impact forming necessary prerequisites and opportunities for the economic growth.

In some scientific research also the opposite acting effects connected with the activity of these organizations are found. However within the most common definition it is necessary to identify the development institutes upon their functionality and target function. The division of basic and specific functions provides the interest for the efficiency assessment of the development institutes in part of encouragement of social and economic development of territories and the regulation of spatial structure of the Russian economy [4]. The development institutes as the tools of state and regional management depend on the goal setting system.

The analysis, assessment and specification of strategic goals and priorities of a further economic development are widely presented in modern scientific research and discussions. Within the theory of spatial development, social and economic leveling (as a possible strategic reference point of the government management) the necessity of some decentralization in the management of development institutes the specification of their functions, forms and activity mechanisms is needed. This fact makes the problems of research of conceptual bases, practice and possible transformation of the existing development institutes important.

An important direction in the research and definition of the role of development institutes in contemporary Russian economy is their analysis within a broader problem or more precisely the problem of the development of regional social and economic system. In this respect the challenge of the compliance and relation of the problems of the economic policy, development institutes and regional differentiation arises. As it was mentioned above the development institutes depend on the goal and tasks of the government policy. However due to specific characteristics, functions and forms of organization they have their own potential in the solution of social and economic problems.

The growing social and economic differentiation of Russian regions, according to the opinion of the researchers, is one of the important and large scale problems the solution of which has an obvious strategic priority. In this respect a wider definition of the role of efficient development institutes implies the specification of strategic reference points and the determination of the problems of strategic planning and management. The development institutes are thought to be focused on the opportunities of the self development of the region. This will provide an efficient condition of the systematic spatial organization of the economy [10].

Thus the efficient institutes and mechanisms will help form the conditions and foundations for the spatial development of the Russian economy uniting market mechanisms and the implementation of strategic priorities of the regional development.

The opportunities of social and economic development of Russian regions are studied also from the point of view of their economic independence. Its insufficient level can be a constraint. This problem is studied in several aspects [2]. In this respect it is obvious that a definite transformation and decentralization of administration is required.

The necessity of a further growth of the efficiency of the institute of development is determined not only by possible social and economic alternatives of Russian regions but also by the contemporary state of the economy and the tendencies of its development. The modern context of the discussion of the role of the development institutes specifies the understanding of their peculiarities and possible improvement. Considerable economic and international changes (sanctions, a certain shift of geopolitical vector and so on) demand the search of an optimal solution of the problem of the economic growth and the competitive development also under the conditions of definite changes of institutional infrastructure and development institutes as an important element of this infrastructure. According to some authors the preparations for this changed social and economic reality from the part of development institutes is not happening. Thus, the functions of such institutes are not accompanied by real demands of the economic growth and require changes of organizational, spatial, temporal and industrial character.

It is worth mentioning that various sources of financing, economic incentives, multilevel character of functioning and specialization of development institutes all this does not contribute to a considerable productivity and efficiency of modernization processes and economic growth [1].

However despite the identified and specified problems it is important to precise that the role of development institutes in the Russian economy has considerably grown especially in part of creation of institutional conditions and potential opportunities of the economic development of the national economy and the economy of the regions.

In the study of the development institutes, in the assessment of their activity, analysis of problems and possible directions of the efficiency growth it is indispensable to pay attention to key problems and the most important issues.

The development institutes are first of all new opportunities and tools of administration at the federal and regional levels, tools of the leveling of social and economic differentiation and the growth of the economic independence of the regions. In the paper it is indispensable to analyze the practical activity of the existing development institutes in the agriculture of Russia. In the agricultural sphere the importance of development institutes can grow considerably due to multiplicative effects of a broad array typical of the agriculture. But nowadays in this there exists an obvious limitation which is connected with an insufficient attention to the integration opportunities and the potential of the Russian agriculture and agricultural complex.

The modernization of the institutional sphere of the agriculture is necessary as it determines social and economic relations and effects. As a priority task a new system of the management of the development institutes is expected to be created which will be focused on the reduction of the differentiation of inter industrial development in the agriculture, industrial development and the growth of the economic independence of the regions.

During several recent years the Russian agriculture shows a positive dynamics of general macroeconomic and industrial indices. The development of the agriculture in the whole and the increase of competitiveness are observed. The agricultural complex is a large scale inter industrial complex which is characterized by its specific integration potential which provides a total economic return. A considerable role of agriculture in the Russian economy is connected not only with the growth of macroeconomic indices during recent years but also is determined by its production, scientific, technical and innovative potential.

However the results of some research allow confirming that one of the main problems of the agricultural complex of Russia is its misbalanced character and a strong inter industrial and industrial differentiation. The industries are characterized by a bad quality and level of inter industrial relations, their disproportions. For the solution of such problems it is suggested to reduce and to eliminate specific disproportions between the main constituents of the agricultural sectors [6]: agriculture and transport, energy and logistics, agriculture and agricultural machine construction, production of fertilizers and their internal consumption, crop farming and artificial selection.

The carried out analysis of the development institutes in the agriculture allows generalizing a number of other problems which are also important: subsidizing problems, problems of law enforcement practice, discrepancy of laws and mechanisms of their use with the goal of the scientific and technical development of agriculture, incoherence of the interests of the agricultural participants, financial problems and complicated character in the sphere of the regulation of agricultural insurance, problems of social character. The experts speak about the lack of agreement between the agricultural development and the implementation of norms and laws. A certain monopolization of the food market lowers the level and the quality of development of the competitive environment which creates economic disproportions what increases risks and complicates a further development. The government support of the agriculture is made insufficiently good in part of use of budgetary funds, in part of access and forms of subsidizing. For a further development of agriculture significant changes of the normative regulation of the agricultural insurance with state support are needed as the existing approaches to the risks insurance in some degree increases the financial load and the expenses in the whole and also they reduce the target index of the agricultural development (surface of the insured crops) [8].

The main and specialized institutes of development in the agriculture are presented by PC “Rosagroleasing”, PC “Rosselkhozbank”, PC “Federal corporation for the development of small and medium sized entrepreneurship” (MSB Corporation). The strategic reference points of the activity are specified in the Government program of agriculture and regulation of the markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food products for years 2013-2020 and in the Doctrine of food security of Russia until 2020. The implementation of goals and directions of development specified in the program papers implies the introduction of resource saving technology, modernization of technical and technological equipment and the increase of the production efficiency in the agriculture, growth of industrial capacities.

The main problems determined by a poor efficiency of the activity of development institutes and their low adaptability to the changes which already take place have been analyzed in the article. By means of the generalization of the obtained results it can be said that there exist specific prerequisites and demands for the change of the role and mechanisms of functioning of development institutes in the agriculture.

It is important not only to increase the efficiency of their activity and also to adapt them to new strategic priorities, goals and tasks of state and regional government. It is obvious that the specialized institutes of development in the agriculture have a necessary potential of transformation and efficiency growth. The increase of their importance in the agriculture can take place also due to the use of indirect methods of government and regional support due to new forms of the organization of their activity. The combination of direct and indirect methods of support will increase the total productivity and the efficiency of the taken measures and steps will widen the accessibility of support, develop the competitive environment, provide the stimuli for the development of the cooperation, modernize the scientific, technological and educational sphere.

The strategic directions of the activity of development institutes in the agriculture are mainly determined by the priorities of a new agricultural policy based on the forecasts of the scientific and technological development of the agriculture of Russia. The analysis of expert and forecasted assessments confirms the necessity of the optimization and growth of the efficiency of forms and mechanisms of the activity of development institutes in the agriculture.

A new stage in the development of the agriculture is characterized not only by global challenges but also by new opportunities for the development and management and especially by means of use of the opportunities of the integration character as it was mentioned above. The economic, social, ecological and technological challenges in the development of the world agricultural complex will have a significant impact on the Russian agriculture in the nearest future and also due to its active integration into the world market economy. If the system of the state regulation is not adjusted to the forecasted world changes, thus the positions of the state in the world market for food production and technologies can be lost together with the reduction of the competitiveness. The new trends of the development for the nearest few years are capable to change principally and revolutionary the agricultural markets of some countries and this requires new approaches to the management, new business models, technologies and institutes in the agricultural development [9]. A complex of institutional measures and steps for overcoming social and technological threats and limitations in the agricultural development is also required.

The role of information and communicative technologies and also corresponding formats of economic relations in the sphere of machine and technical equipment will considerably grow. The changes of the market can transform traditional rent and leasing schemes of the means of the production purchase. The institutional modernization under modern conditions is expected to encourage the social and economic efficiency of all types of the activity (production, scientific, managerial, innovation, educational).

The analysis of the main problems of the research of development institutes allows determining the new aspects in the understanding of their potential, role and strategic indices for the agriculture and the economy in the whole. The assessment of the modern condition and key regional problems, forecasts of the scientific and technological development, new priorities of social and economic policy specifies the directions and the forms of the improvement of the activity of the development institutes in the Russian economy.

The development institutes can become a driver of the economic, industrial and regional development. The growth of the efficiency of the activity of the tools of state and regional policy can be based on the new approaches in the study of the development institutes, integration opportunities of the economy and innovation potential taking into account long term forecasts of the scientific and technological development and the strategic priorities of the government and regional management.

The development institutes are first of all new opportunities and tools of the management at the federal and regional development, a tool of the leveling of social and economic differentiation and growth of the economic independence of the regions.

REFERENSES

Regional’naja jekonomika. Jug Rossii [Regional economy. The South of Russia], 2016, no. 2 (12), pp. 14-23.

СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИНСТИТУТОВ РАЗВИТИЯ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

Ирина Владимировна Пожилова

Cтарший преподаватель кафедры менеджмента,

Волгоградский государственный университет

просп. Университетский, 100, 400062 г. Волгоград, Российская Федерация