Strategies for the Development of Hydrogen Energy in India and Brazil as a Part of the Overall Trajectory within BRICS Framework

In the context of global energy system transformation, hydrogen energy occupies a significant place as a promising direction for decarbonization and diversification of energy sources. The countries of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) including new members of the group are paying increasing attention to this area’s development. This article presents an analytical review of current trends in hydrogen energy development within the framework of BRICS with a focus on India and Brazil, while also considering their national peculiarities and potential for interstate cooperation. India stands out due to its high economic growth rates and critical dependence on fossil fuel imports, primarily coal. It views hydrogen energy as an important tool for achieving carbon neutrality. Brazil, possessing considerable renewable energy potential and a high share of hydroelectric power plants in its energy balance, has unique prerequisites for implementing projects aimed at producing «green» hydrogen. At the level of the entire BRICS grouping, there is a steady trend towards increased investment in research, development, and implementation of certain hydrogen technologies. China acts as a leader, but the contributions from other BRICS members deserve attention since they actively expand their own national programs and initiatives in the field of hydrogen energy. Cooperation within BRICS creates favorable conditions for exchanging technologies, knowledge, and resources, which contributes to accelerating technological progress and overcoming economic barriers. Joint efforts may include coordinating research, developing standards, building cross-border infrastructure, and creating a unified market for hydrogen energy products.