Stress in pathogenesis of development of tumor pathology of the thyroid gland

1V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia

2GBUZS “City Hospital No. 1 named after. N.I. Pirogov”, Sevastopol

Introduction. Our experience in the endocrine surgery at our clinics institution has shown a relationship between the appearance of nodules in the thyroid gland and a long-term exposure to stress. At present, the complicated geopolitical circumstances play a role of an active stressor, and until recently, it was also the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused a change in lifestyle, heavy material losses, and loss of loved ones. Oncogenic activity of cells is reflected in an imbalance of markers of proliferation and apoptosis. Many researchers associate thyroid pathology with molecular alterations as diagnostic markers (Styazhkina S.N., 2017; Romashchenko P.N. et al., 2021).

The aim of our research work is to study the role of stress in the development of tumor pathology of the thyroid gland in order to improve diagnostic approaches in this area.

Materials and methods. Using immunohistochemistry methods, cell cycle markers (Ki-67 mitosis and FAS-R apoptosis) of thyrocytes were studied in a model experiment of immobilization stress in albino Wistar rats and in various diseases of the human thyroid gland, based on the material of the preoperative and surgical stages of morphological diagnostics.

Results . Stress delays the differentiation of thyroid tissue in rats, reduces the thyrocyte proliferation index that is accompanied by a progressive increase in the expression of an apoptosis marker, and it causes uneven differentiation of the gland, when hypertrophic follicles are formed among the areas of the immature tissue, and the volume of the gland increases causing a goiter. In this case, the cells express a silencing death receptor. In humans with papillary carcinoma, toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis and adenomatous goiter, a multidirectional expression of the markers of mitosis and apoptosis was revealed upon testing the materials of fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy. Our cluster analysis in different groups of patients with autoimmune and proliferative diseases made it possible to mathematically determine the ra-