Structural and content characteristics of texts and increasing the various types of oral work

Speech is always addressed to a specific participant in the conversation. Speech circulation is helped by various treatments, steady turn over, which are used in speech.

Introduction helps the reader to prepare for perception main content, see the main thesis that will be text.

The main part outlines the main content. Wherein strict logical organization of the material, sequence in the development of thought, the proof of the propositions, the coherence of all statements into a single semantic whole. Particular importance for the main part acquire a thesis, argument, demonstration, illustration.

In addition to defining the concept, which in the texts very often corresponds to an explanation of the concept, which has a complicated structure and more extensive description of the concept, the most common, similar means of disclosing the content of concepts is:

• -    indication - explanation of the word by transfer of objects, phenomena called this word;

• -    description - the selection of external features of the object, phenomenon, developments;

• -    characteristic - the disclosure of the most prominent features, phenomena;

• -    explanation - the disclosure of any part of the concept with a certain purpose;

• -    comparison - an explanation of one concept to another, more familiar, clear.

In the narrative, phrases are combined in a whole the general theme and follow one after another in the order of time the sequence of complex events reflected in speech, their parts.

Description - the deployment of the main idea, the main thesis. AT phrases are united by a common theme and follow one after another in order of structural links between the parties, parts, elements reflected in the speech of an object, object, phenomenon, or repetitive object.

Reasoning assumes a strictly logical deployment main content in the text statement. In the reasoning of the phrase are united in a whole by a common theme and follow one after another in a logical the sequence of movement of thought to a conclusion. It is important to learn the following structural elements of reasoning:

• -    proof or refutation: a) from the premises, facts to the conclusion; b) from the thesis to the arguments and from them to the conclusion;

• -    cognitive movement: a)from the phenomenon to the essence; b)from recording changes to an analysis of their causes; c)from consideration of the qualitative characteristics of the object or phenomena to the study of its quantitative parameters; d)from the elements to their connections; e)from the establishment of the law of its content to the disclosure of forms its manifestation in various conditions;

  - movement from concrete to abstract and vice versa.

In the text it is often possible to find a combination of different types basic thought: definition (explanation), description (characteristics), narration (messages) and reasoning. In descriptive texts there are arguments, in reasoning - description.

The text contains a system of language facilities functioning in related proposals of the text.

• A)    extracts - the most common type of work on the training, scientific literature. They fix for future use important places from a textbook, a book, a journal article, a brochure, text. Usually write out individual provisions, facts, digital, other actual and illustrated material.

• B)    abstracts - the type of record at reading, which allows to generalize material, will spell out its essence in short formulations, revealing all composition. The abstracts can be simple and concise (include only basic provisions), as well as complex and complete basic, secondary provisions). They must flow out one from the other. Some texts can be written in the form of quotes. The basis for the compilation of texts is the logical structure of the text.

• C)    Inference is the conclusions derived from one or more judgments, that is, logical actions on individual thoughts. In its pure form, the conclusions are extremely rare in the text. Reading, we constantly come to conclusions - the conclusions of various species that are products of this type of activity [2; 308].