Structure and functional state of hemoglobin in hypotrophic calves (Bos taurus) as influenced by Interamin, a complex drug

Correction of morphofunctional immaturity of calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy and comorbid pathologies remains one of the urgent problems in animal husbandry. Structural and functional changes in hemoglobin (Hb) serve as important diagnostic criteria for the physiological state of an animal during growth. Hypotrophic calves have disorders of metabolic and oxygen transport function of the blood, which can lead to a slowdown in the replacement of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) with definitive hemoglobin (HbA) of adult animals. Correction of such conditions using various drugs and their mechanisms of action continue to be the subject of study. We have revealed for the first time the effect of the preparation Interamin, containing hydrophilic cryofraction of cattle spleen, recombinant species-specific (bovine) alpha- and gamma-interferons (IFN-α and IFN-γ) and vitamins A, E, on the state of the hematopoietic system in hypotrophic calves, which was assessed by the spectral characteristics of hemoglobin in the hemolysate of peripheral blood. Using the Uniprot database, a comparative analysis of aromatic amino acid residues in the primary structure of β- and γ-subunits of Bos taurus hemoglobin was carried out and a difference in the quantitative content of tryptophan in both molecules was established. As a result of the study, changes in the maximum light absorption in the UV range of hemoglobin in hypotrophic calves were established for the first time when using interamin. When interamin was administered subcutaneously to newborn hypotrophic calves at a dose of 1 ml/10 kg of animal weight, a shift in the local maximum of hemoglobin light absorption in the UV range from 270 nm to 275 nm was registered for the first time. Moreover, such a change in local maxima was observed already on the 7th day in hypotrophic calves that began to be administered the complex drug. While the use of the comparison drug Biferon B to hypotrophic calves in the same scheme induced a shift in the local maximum of hemoglobin light absorption only by the 30th day of neonatal development and was not observed by this time in hypotrophic calves without the use of drugs. Based on literature data, hypothetical mechanisms of the observed phenomena are proposed. It is possible that interamin, due to its immunomodulatory effect, accelerates the replacement of fetal hemoglobin with definitive hemoglobin in hypotrophic calves and has a corrective effect on the oxygen-transport function of the blood.