Structural Realism as the Basis of the Epistemological Dynamics of Theoretical Historiography

The article provides a characterization of modern historical epistemology as a concept that realizes the heuristic potential of phenomena and facts from the past. It identifies the cognitive basis of constructivist methodology in historical research and substantiates its determination by social patterns. The article analyzes the doctrine of naive (direct) realism in the study of historical events and highlights its specific features. It compares theories of historical development within the framework of the scientific-realistic approach and examines the epistemological transformation of these theories from the substantive positions of historical dynamics to modern modifications of narrativism. The article explicates the paradigm of structural realism in scientific knowledge and substantiates the position that the tropos model is a structural form of historical research in which metaphor is the basic trope. The article reveals the ambivalence of metaphor as the main source of permanent research activity in the study of history. The article substantiates the position that constructiveness is an immanent property of the structure (tropos) of historical knowledge. The article also highlights the ontological relevance of all forms of realism in the modern methodology of historical research.