Studying the factor of ice of icing field loss from fresh water in the millimeter range
Автор: Bordonskiy G.S., Gurulev A.A., Orlov A.O., Tsyrenzhapov S.V.
Журнал: Siberian Aerospace Journal @vestnik-sibsau-en
Рубрика: Technological processes and material science
Статья в выпуске: 3 vol.23, 2022 года.
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This research aimed at measuring the microwave radiation attenuation in an artificially formed icing field on the ice covering a freshwater lake within the millimeter range. The measurements were made using microwave radiometry at frequencies of 22, 34, 90, and 125 GHz with a cyclic change in the ambient temperature within the range from –19 to –31 C. A special technique is used, which makes it possible to determine the microwave radiation attenuation in it from the increments of radio brightness temperature between ice cover and without icing field. In the proposed method, the loss factor is found under the condition that attenuation in ice is determined by electromagnetic losses in the medium. The measurements were carried out on the ice cover of a fresh lake with a water salinity of about 100 mg/l. As a result of the study, it was found that the formation of radiation by ice is strongly influenced by scattering on the medium inhomogeneities. This conclusion was made based on comparing the calculations of the expected ice loss factor of icing field and the data obtained from measurements by the method used. The greatest difference in the loss factor (several tens of times) was found at frequencies of 90 and 125 GHz. It has been suggested that radiation scattering occurs on crystalline hydrates of salts and can be caused by increased electrical conductivity of thin water films on the crystal surface. This feature can arise, as it has been recently established, during the formation of ice 0 crystals in the medium. This ice is formed from deeply supercooled water at temperatures below –23 C. The observed effect is of interest for developing radar measurements of fresh natural ice at low temperatures and low concentrations in salts (about 100 mg/kg). Such ice can form from slightly salty water with a salt content of up to several grams per liter or when water with a salinity of ~ 100 mg/l freezes in a confined space. The results obtained are of interest for microwave aerospace determination of the ice areas with its structural disturbances, through which the water of the reservoir can penetrate to the ice surface with subsequent freezing. At the same time, radars can be effective at icing field temperatures below –20 °C, when liquid inclusions almost completely freeze out. For the temperature range above the eutectic point, where liquid inclusions appear, passive radiometric measurements can be effective.
Icing field, microwave radiometry, radar measurements, dielectric permeability, ice 0
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/148329648
IDR: 148329648 | DOI: 10.31772/2712-8970-2022-23-3-532-541
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