The essence of a child’s cognitive activity, principles and methods of its development in preschool growth

The article reveals the psychological essence of the concept of "cognitive activity" and its development in preschoolers. It is of great importance, since it is an integral condition for the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, as well as its independence and initiative. Preschool childhood is a long period that lays the foundations of the future personality and largely determines it. This is the time when both the family and society jointly create all the necessary and accessible conditions for the development of the child. The cognitive activity of a preschooler arises from the desire to gain new impressions and experience, which is inherent in every person from birth. The study was conducted based on the methods of included observation, content analysis, generalization, comparison and specification of information. Object of the study: development of cognitive activity in older preschool children. Subject of the study: essential characteristics of cognitive activity of a preschooler and mechanisms of its development. The purpose of the article is to study the essence of a child's cognitive activity, principles and methods of its development in preschool age. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the generalization of theoretical material within the framework of the problem of development of cognitive activity of older preschool children. The developed theoretical provisions complement and deepen the data existing in developmental psychology regarding the features of development of cognitive activity of older preschool children.