The essential characteristics of the concept of “competitiveness” in pedagogical science

The study examines the essential characteristics of “competitiveness” as a concept in pedagogical science. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to increase motivation and involvement of students through elements of competitive activity in the context of limited resources of the educational system. The aim of the study is to identify the essential characteristics of the concept of “competition” and determine its role and functions in educational practice. Methodologically, the research encompasses a comprehensive review of relevant literature, including both international and domestic conceptual frameworks related to competitiveness. The study included a literature review covering key foreign and domestic concepts of competitiveness, analyzed theoretical approaches (evolutionary, conflictological, theory of success, game theory) and disciplinary aspects (sociological, psychological, cultural, etc.) of this phenomenon. Methodologically, the work is based on comparative and contrastive and logical-analytical methods for identifying the semantic features of the concept. As a result, the signs of competition (the dichotomy of success and failure, the motivating nature of the outcome, the presence of risk), types and forms of manifestation in the educational environment (rivalry between students, personality-oriented competition with oneself), as well as functions and effects (motivational and developmental benefits along with potential risks - stress, conflict) were identified. The article substantiates the need for a balance between competitive and cooperative approaches to learning and offers practical recommendations for the constructive implementation of the principle of competition in educational programs.