Taxonomic composition and life forms of the family Asteraceae spreading in Daridagh massif area

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice

UDC 582.998                                        

One of the largest families in the class Asteraceae Dumort is a family of Asteraceae. There are found 1,100 genera and about 25,000 species in the world. From this family, 584 species of 125 genera and 15 species of 10 genera are cultivated in Azerbaijan. It is a cosmopolitan family and spread almost everywhere on the Earth, except in the poles, in all climatic zones. It is mainly found in temperate and subtropical climates. Representatives of the family are found in a variety of environmental conditions (meadows, dry slopes, semi-deserts, weed-like crops, waste areas, etc.) from the lowlands to the upper mountain range. It is sometimes found on forest edges. Rock species growing in the forests are rare. Some species of the genus have spread throughout the world as a result of human and bird migration. Most are herbaceous plants, sometimes found in shrubs, trees and lianas. There are industrial, medical, nectariferous and decorative types.

Material and methodology of research

During our research, it was determined that one of the leading families in the Daridagh massif, which was selected as the research area, was the Asteraceae family. The main research object was selected around the Daridagh physiotherapy hospital building located on the southwestern slope of the Daridagh range and the area called Pir plain and Chakhchakh.

Herbarium specimens of the species belonging to that family were collected, and a taxonomic spectrum was compiled. During the analysis of species, Flora Of Azerbaijan [1], Analysis Of Flora Of The Caucasus [2] and Flora Of The Caucasus [3] by A. Grossgeim, Flora Of The USSR [4], Taxonomic Spectrum Of Flora Of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic by T. Talibov and A. Ibrahimov [5], Plant World Of Azerbaijan [6] by A. Askerov and a number of scientific works were used.

Experimental part

The Asteraceae Dumort family was formerly known as the Compositae Adans family and was divided into two subfamilies: Asteroideae (or Tubuliflorae) and Cichorioideae (or Liguliflorae).

During our research in the Daridagh area, 43 species belonging to 23 genera within the Asteraceae Dumort family were found, which are also part of the Asteroideae and Cichorioideae subfamilies.

Comparative analysis of the number of species belonging to the Asteraceae Dumort family spreading in the Daridagh area was studied (Table).

Table.

SPREADING OF SPECIES BELONGING

TO THE FAMILY ASTERACEAE DUMORT IN DARIDAGH AREA

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 6. №6. 2020

It is clear from the table that Helichrysum Mill. — 2 (4.65%), Taraxacum Wigg. — 2 (4.65%), Centaurea L. — 3 (6.97%), Carduus L. — 3 (6.97%), Achillea L. — 3 (6.97%), Scorzonera L. — 6 (13.95%) and Tragopogon L. — 8 (18.6%) species are the main predominant species in the Daridagh area and are represented by 27 (62.79%) species. The remaining genera are monotype and consist of 16 (37.20%) species. Thus, Matricaria L. ( Chamomilla S. F. Gray) was found in the southwest of the Physiotherapy Hospital building, Tragopogon L, Scorzonera L., Cnicus L. in the south-east, Senecio L. in the north-west, and Helichrysum Mill. in the Pir plain and other species are found.

Representatives of the family consist mainly of perennial grasses. The analysis of the main life forms of the species belonging to the Asteraceae Dumort family spreading in the territory of Daridagh was carried out on the basis of the classification systems of I. Serebryakov and С. Raunkiaer [7–8].

According to the analysis of life forms, 8 species (18.60%) of the Asteraceae Dumort family are annual grasses, 9 species (20.93%) are biennial grasses, and 26 species (60.46%) are perennial grasses. Annual grasses include — Carthamus glaucus Bieb., Chamaemelum praecox (Bieb.) Vis., Cnicus benedictus L., Crepis pulchra L., Filago arvensis L., Koelpinia linearis Pall., Matricaria recutita L., Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit species.

Biennial grasses include — Carduus thoermeri Weinm., C. onopordioides Fish. ex Bieb., C. adpressus C. A. Mey., Carlina onopordifolia Bess. ex Szaf., Onopordum acanthium L., Scorzonera laciniata L., Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss., T. latifolius Boiss., T. coloratus C. A. Mey species. Other species are perennial grasses.

Figure. Life forms of species belonging to the Asteraceae Dumort family spreading in the Daridagh area according to the Serebryakov system.

Out of the species spreading in the Daridagh area, belonging to the Asteraceae Dumort family, the followings are herbs of medical significance: Achillea millefolium L., Cnicus benedictus L., Matricaria recutita L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg. [9–11].

Conclusion

During our researches in the Daridagh area, 43 species belonging to 23 genera of the Asteraceae family were identified, as well as comparative analysis of the number of species belonging to the family and their life forms were studied.