Technological justification of constructive solutions for railway roadbed on permafrost soils using an expert system

Introduction. The theoretical foundations and practical aspects of implementing technological justification for design concept of railway roadbed on permafrost soils using an expert system are considered. Railway construction in permafrost regions requires specific design solutions and technologies due to complex natural and climatic conditions, geological process dynamics, and the need to coordinate multiple project participants. In such conditions, the development of efficient technological processes, including the construction of railway roadbed, becomes crucial and is achieved through the implementation of an engineering-intelligent subsystem for technical support. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology that integrates intelligent technologies into the processes of designing railway roadbed on permafrost soils to achieve an optimal balance between timelines, cost, resources, and operational reliability of the structure. To this end, an analysis of the technological features of construction in the cryolithozone was conducted, including site-specific localization, resource intensity of processes, variability of design parameters, and year-round work operations. Methods and Materials. The methodology includes the decomposition of the railway roadbed into constructional elements using graph models that formalize the interconnections between subsystems, as well as the development of an expert system based on a production knowledge model for automating the generation of construction work nomenclature. The results of the decomposition and generation of construction work nomenclature form the basis for optimizing the technological process, scheduling, and the development of work production projects. Results and Discussion. Based on the results of the theoretical research, the article explores the possibilities of applying a specially developed experimental software module for the technological justification of design solutions for railway roadbed on permafrost soils. The practical significance of the study is confirmed by the implementation of experimental software modules, including those incorporating intelligent components. This enables a transition from traditional variant-based design to adaptive real-time solutions, minimizing errors and time expenditures. Conclusion. The results of the work demonstrate the potential of intelligent information systems for railway construction in permafrost regions, where process formalization and decision automation play a key role in achieving sustainable development in the industry.