Technologies to produce green mass and spring barley grain with two-axis use

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the technologies for the production of green mass and barley grain with single-axis and double-axis use. Tasks: to investigate changes in the yield of green mass depending on the variety and weather conditions; establish the productivity of barley depending on the number of mowings; to determine the ecological plasticity and stability of spring barley varieties. Field studies were carried out in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on the fields of the UNPC Borsky in 2020-2022. The soil is leached chernozem, the predecessor is grain crops. The area of each variant of the experiment is 56 m2, the sowing method is ordinary, with the SSNP-1.6 seeder. Seeding rate 5.0 mln. grains/ha. Two-axis use is mowing the green mass of barley varieties in the phase of entering the tube, and harvesting following their growth and the formation of a grain crop. Accounting for the grain yield was carried out by direct combining on an area of 10 m2 in the phase of wax - full ripeness. The repetition is fourfold. Single-axis use is a technology for cultivating barley for grain. The technologies for the production of green mass and grain were assessed by the yield of green mass, grain, by the collection of dry matter, by the plasticity and stability of the collection of dry matter of barley varieties. The plasticity of barley varieties was determined by the linear regression coefficient (bi), stress resistance (Y2-Y1), ecological plasticity index (IEP) and coefficient of variation (V). Stability was determined by the following indicators: stability index (L´), yield range (d), variety stability measure (S2d), variety level and stability indicator (VSS). The objects of research were barley varieties: Takmak, Olenyok, Zhikhar and Symbat. Single-axis use and variety Olenyok were taken as control. The best varieties in terms of green mass yield were Symbat and Takmak, which showed an increase to the control in the amount of 4.1 and 2.9 t/ha. The second harvest in the form of grain was 75.8-92.5 % of the grain yield in single-axis use. With two-axis use, barley varieties outperformed one-axis in terms of dry matter collection by 1.9-2.2 times. The maximum collection of dry matter in terms of the amount of green mass and grain was provided by the varieties Takmak and Symbat - 9.87 t/ha. Symbat was the most plastic variety capable of forming a high yield of grain and green mass under any growing conditions, both with double-axis and single-axis use. In terms of stability indicators, the Symbat variety stood out with single-axis, and the Zhikhar variety with double-axis.