The tendencies in development of scientific fundamentals of plant breeding

The article shows that the little impact of outstanding achievements of molecular genetics for breeder’s working methods cannot be explained by conservatism, but by the lagging of the development of other spheres in biology. 100 years of heterosis studying didn’t help to understand the genetic mechanisms, which are its foundation. The development of biometric genetics through more detailed division of genotypic dispersions is not sensible. Its methods can be applied only to evaluate populations, and not individuals or lines. The expectancies to solve the prob-lems of quantitative traits genetics by QTL molecular marking are based on an old rejected concept of an organism as a mosaic of traits. From all methods, proposed by classical genetics, the criteria of science – predictability and capability of reproducing results – are present only in backcross method. Unpredictability of hybrid traits according to parental features oblige the breeders to carry out lots of crossings, although in 1934Vavilov N.I. considered the absence of the theory of pair selection for crossings – the main evidence of the wide chasm that lies between genetics and breeding. The problems of breeding for adaptability are even more complicated, than for the yield potential. In general the adaptability is estimated only during the phase of environmental variety trial, but mathematic parameters, which are used, lead to confusion in evaluation, because of their multitude and inconsistent biological interpretation. The analysis had shown that the problems stated above cannot be solved without the development of the agrocenosis theory with brand new fundamentals. The conception, that productional processes are limited by photosynthesis, was rejected by the experiments as well as by the fact, that in the course of 100-year existence of scientific breeding of all crops, the total yield of the biomass had not increased. This fact and the another ones indicate not only the agroceno-sis theory’s need of development, but also an ascertainment of the evolutionary laws of cultivated plants, the new theory of breeding objectives determination, the methods of identification of effective in cenosis genotypes by the phenotypes of individual plants in population. The physiological-genetic approaches to the solution of the problems described above are proposed by the author of an article.