Theoretical cultural studies: from the cultural theory of activity to the cultural theory of cognitive

Developed in the writings of the founders of Russian Cultural Studies E. S. Markarian and M. S. Kagan’s theory of activity demonstrates the main features of culture as an integrated phenomenon. Culture is understood as a system of activities or systems activities, thus historically and socially conditioned Praxis. In recent decades there has been a considerable lag and enhanced common intoday’s society the ways human activity. In the modern era the main foreshortening understanding of man becomes a cognitive perspective, considering the subject of a universal culture of intellectual space - a man-in-the-culture. Text of culture is indispensable generator of meaning, an unconditional basis of cognitive activity. Learning through “peak experience” caused by the contact of the structures of consciousness, and the text as a generator of meaning becomes the most accurate and effective way in the formation of human culture.