Theoretical and practical approaches to development and application of new prosthetic bio-materials for hernioplasty with IPOM technique

In modern herniology, synthetic prostheses are widely used to repair defects in the anterior abdominal wall. For over 20 years, the IPOM technique has been used for a large proportion of such implantations. However, such complications as adhesion formation and migration of a previously implanted prosthesis remain an unsolved problem. Thus, the search for new prosthetic materials is driven by the need to minimize risks and improve treatment outcomes, particularly for patients with postoperative ventral hernias. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and functional characteristics of a xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix during long-term implantation into the abdominal cavity in vivo. Materials and Methods. The matrix was obtained from human dermis by successive removal of cellular elements, lipids and DNA. The assessment indicated that all safety-relevant components were eliminated. Sterile samples were implanted on the anterior wall of the stomach of the laboratory rats after complete excision of the serous membrane. Histological and immunohistochemical studies of adhesive properties, surrounding tissue integration and remesothelialization were performed after 28, 45 and 90 days. Results. The matrix demonstrated the absence of adhesive properties and high biocompatibility while maintaining the structure and integrity of collagen fibrils. Mesothelial healing was observed only by day 90. Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to consider the matrix as a promising alternative to synthetic prostheses. However, the current study requires more investigation to fully understand a topic.