Epistemology of E. Mach in the context of the ideas of cognitive science

This article considers the theory of knowledge of Mach with the position of dialectical materialism and modern science. Analysis of Lenin’s criticism of «machism» is done on the basis of the pressing philosophical problems. The theory of psychophysical monism is considered in connection with the topical trends of the past century in the field of research of the «consciousness». The article also attempts to identify true cultural meaning of philosophy of E. Mach. We used the following methods in the process of working on the article: historical, logical-conceptual, systematic and analytical method and method of comparative analysis. The fundamental basis of all methods is the dialectic approach. The main results of the research includes the identification of the actual aspects Lenin’s critics of machism theory of knowledge, first of all, we are talking about the vulnerable concept «neutral» elements», that is, the ultimate foundations of knowledge. We conclude in this article about connection of machism psychophysics and contemporary cognitive science based on monistic views, and deny the dualism of the mental and the physical. The study founded that the views of E. Mach about the «I» as the complex of sensations correspond not only to actual research of the phenomenon of «consciousness», but also express a trend of cultural progress in general, the crisis of the idea of «modern» subject in science and art. In conclusion we proclaims that the theory of knowledge of Mach corresponds to the post-nonclassical picture of the world, the fundamental principles of which are still not fully and finally formulated.