The Classification of the Onomastic Units in Kalbajar Region

Автор: Ismailov P.Kh.

Журнал: Science, Education and Innovations in the Context of Modern Problems @imcra

Статья в выпуске: 1 vol.3, 2020 года.

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The article examines the classification of onomastic units in Azerbaijan. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the existing classifications, general schemes and classification criteria are specified. On the basis of the obtained systems, a classification of the onomastics of the designated area is given and examples are given illustrating the belonging of individual onomastic units to groups. The classification of the onomastic units in Kalbajar region are studied in this article. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the existing classification, the general scheme and the criteria of the classification are determined. According to the obtained system the classification of the onomastic units in Kalbajar region has been presented and the examples belonging to the separate groups have been given in this article as well.

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Anthroponyms, ethnonyms, toponyms, hydronyms, zoonyms, anthropotoponyms, social and political toponyms, memoir-memorable toponyms

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/16010054

IDR: 16010054   |   DOI: 10.56334/sei/3.1.18

Текст научной статьи The Classification of the Onomastic Units in Kalbajar Region

Onomalogy, which studies proper names, is one of the branches of linguistics. It is known that it is closely connected with other sciences. Developing together with history, geography and linguistics, onomology begins to differentiate as a science. In the list of interdisciplinary connections of this new field of linguistics, one can find literary criticism, ethnography, sociology, astronomy, epigraphy, aesthetics, and even political science.

Changing the ancient names of geographical objects, lands, places of residence and giving them new names inherent in another ethnic group and language is connected with politics. Thus, in the process of interethnic conflict with Azerbaijanis, Armenian nationalists falsify the names of geographical objects, using this as a way of their political struggle.

The study of proper names in linguistics began with the study of the features of education, the analysis of principles, the determination of their origin and structural types. Thus the foundations of anthroponymy were laid. Later, other works related to another group of proper names were also identified. The study of the names of geographical objects, or rather, the places of residence of people gave impetus to the development and formation of toponymy. For quite a long time, onomastics developed on the basis of anthroponymy and toponymy.

The multiplicity and diversity of geographical objects, representing integrity, became the reason for the emergence of onomasiologists involved in the study of such names. Onomasiology is a science that studies names, appellatives and onomic names. It should be noted that there is a similar section in semasiology. However , being a branch of linguistics that studies the meanings of words and their changes, the number of these changes and the relationship between them. Its subject is the study of lexical and lexical-phraseological units of the language, as well as the principles of naming objects and their compliance with linguistic laws [1, p.95].

The variety of names of geographical names, as well as their number, poses the problem of their classification, systematization and grouping based on certain criteria. The classification of onomastic units distributed in a certain territory should be carried out in accordance with the various groups that include these units. “The units of the onomastic system, which have a special place in the general lexical system of the language, in accordance with their various areas, constitute separate semi- and microsystems. There is an uninterrupted connection between these systems. Such connections are called onomastic system connections. Not all semi- and microsystems of onomastics are not on the same level. In onomastics, there are signs that maintain balance and, conversely, violate the stability of this system [2, p. 6-7]. Of course, when classifying onomastic units of a certain territory, one should take into account the statement that in the process of classification it is impossible to include onomastic units of one system into another system, and also to mix units of semi- and microsystems with each other.

It is generally accepted that the names of geographical objects associated with water are combined into one system with the concept of hydronyms. However, until now, scientists have not presented a specific classification, at the same time, they find it difficult to integrate and determine the criteria for differentiating the names of objects that differ in the features of their relief [we are talking about combining and distinguishing such names as mountain, hill, rock, peak, slope, plain, sing, desert, valley, ravine, cliff, etc.]. When clarifying the boundaries of macro- and microsystems, various positions are revealed. If you do not clarify even the smallest particle of the opposite onymic system, then macro-and microsystems will come into conflict with each other. In distinguishing ~ 133~

SEI Conference Proceedings №4. Vol.3 Issue 1, 2020 toponyms and microtoponyms, hydronyms and microhydronyms, such signs are sufficient.

The well-known Azerbaijani linguist A. Gurbanov writes: “In general, just as in general linguistics there is no clear guiding concept of onomastic composition, so in Turkological linguistics we do not find a specific classification of onomastic units.” The scientist proposes to temporarily divide onomastic units into 7 independent groups: anthroponyms; ethnonyms; toponyms; hydronyms; zoonyms; cosmonyms; kthematonyms [2, p.7-8] Let's try to define in a generalized way the criteria underlying this division. Anthroponyms are associated with a group of words related to a person, ethnonyms - to associations of people, toponyms - to earth, hydronyms - to water, zoonyms - to animals, cosmonyms - to space objects, ktematonyms - to other objects. In our opinion, taking into account certain shortcomings, such a logical approach to classification can be considered correct. However, the classification does not take into account the names of plants. It seems to us necessary to include phytonyms in the classification. It is impossible to ignore the systemic trinity: man - animal - plant. The second shortcoming, as it seems to us, is connected with ktemonyms. All other objects must be combined in this group. Otherwise, some proper names will remain outside the classification. And therefore, all other names of objects should be included in the category of cthematonyms. Only in this case the system will close. Within the system, a contradiction will arise only in the group of kthematonyms, which, in principle, can be considered an admissible case for classification. Thus, phytonyms should also be included in the classification of onomastic units.

If we consider a certain separately taken territory, for example, the Kelbajar region of Azerbaijan, then the principles of the approach to the classification and analysis of its onomastic units, as a whole, may differ from the general principle of the approach to the classification and analysis of all other onomastic units. This is possible because a number of onomastic units have a common meaning for an ethnic group, people, territory. In this regard, there is no need to repeat it in a single area. For example, in general, the anthroponymic system of Azerbaijan covers the whole of Azerbaijan. For individual territories in the anthroponymic system of Azerbaijan, slight differences can be traced. These differences were the result of linguistic ties existing in this territory. Such differences are taken into account and studied in the analysis of the general anthroponymic system. The same can be said in relation to zoonyms, phytonyms, cosmonyms. The facts of the indicated onomastic units revealed within the territory should be reflected in the ~ 134~ general context of the study. That is why, in the process of linguistic analysis of the onomastic units of the Kalbajar region, it is necessary to study not the panorama of the ethnonyms of the territory, but the ethnotoponyms and ethnohydronyms associated with them.

Onomastic units within each of the groups should be divided into subgroups. For example, in the classification model of toponyms, there are groups of anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms, social and political toponyms, memoir-memorable toponyms, cosmotoponyms and descriptive toponyms [3, p.322-339]. And Gurbanov also identifies five groups of toponyms: oikonyms, urbanonyms, horonyms, dromonims. Three groups of them (urbanonyms, horonyms, dromonims) relative to the Kelbajar region should be out of the study. Since these units do not represent a value for this area. The urbanonyms of the city of Kelbajar do not have any striking differences, which, from a linguistic point of view, are able to go beyond the system of urbanonyms of the city of Baku. Oikonyms are also studied within the above group. It is necessary to separately analyze such a group of toponyms as oronyms, since the names of the surface layer of the earth differ from each other depending on the structure of the relief. According to the principle of correspondence of onomastic units of the territory of the district level, we distinguish the following groups: toponyms (anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms, social and political toponyms, memoir-memorable toponyms, cosmohydronyms, descriptive toponyms), oronyms, hydronyms (anthropohydronyms, ethnohydronyms, zoohydronyms, phytohydronyms), sociopolitical oronyms, memoir-memorable hydronyms, cosmohydronyms, descriptive hydronyms. The microsystem of onomastic units is also classified on the basis indicated above.

In the process of research, onomastic units should be classified on the basis of other criteria. By composition, onomastic vocabulary can also be classified on the basis of various criteria, for example: by the number of components [singlecomponent, two-component, three-component and multi-component]; by belonging to languages [borrowed and own onomastic units]; according to different words in the composition of onomastic units; according to the semantics of the components in the composition of onomastic units; according to the belonging of the components to individual parts of speech; on the structure of onomastic units.

Taking into account the principle of correspondence of onomastic units of the territory of the district level, or rather, the Kelbajar district of Azerbaijan, it is necessary to determine the permissible macro- and microgroups, as well as units at the level of subgroups; compile a general onomastic list using various sources. Such sources include: lists of geographical names compiled at different times and for different purposes, documents, collections and books, written monuments, historical documents, historical and geographical books, and, finally, information received from persons, informants living on this territory. Based on the materials collected in the Kalbajar region, onomastic units can be combined into three groups: toponyms, hydronyms and oronyms.

It would be appropriate to note the fact associated with toponyms on the territory of the designated area. Until April 1993, there were 133 settlements on the territory of the Kalbajar region. In onomastic studies, it was traditionally accepted to divide into anthropotoponyms, ethnotoponyms, hydrotoponyms, zootoponyms, phytotoponyms, toponyms of a socio-political nature, memoirmemorial toponyms, cosmotoponyms and descriptive toponyms [3, p.322-339]. We considered it appropriate to add one more group of kthematotoponyms to the traditional classification. Note that the selection of a group of orotoponyms is also of interest. In the process of studying onomastic units, anthroponyms, ethnonyms, toponyms, hydronyms, zoonyms, cosmonyms, cthematonyms and oronyms are studied separately. In this case, in certain lexico-semantic groups, as part of the general form of onomastic units, similar types of division into subgroups are revealed. For example, in the group of toponyms anthropotoponyms find a place, in the group of hydronyms - anthropohydronyms, in the group of oronyms -anthropooronyms. In such a case, anthropotoponyms are studied in one part of the study, and anthropohydronyms are studied in the other. Thus, according to the anthropological basis, repetitions occur at a certain level in the study. In our opinion, taking into account the general division of onomastic units into lexico-semantic groups will give an effective result, which will allow avoiding repetitions.

Anthropohydronyms in the region of Azerbaijan were also formed syntactically. One of their components expresses the type of geographical feature. In the system of microhydronyms of the Kalbajar region, the majority are the names of springs, springs.

Among the Kalbajar onomastics there are also hydrotoponyms ( Chaygovushchan , Chaikend etc. ] , descriptive toponyms [ Barmag bin Guneypeye and others ] and toponyms of a memorial-commemorative nature [ Ali Bayramli , Oktyabrkend ]

Onomastic units of the Kelbajar region with a phytonymic basis also form a certain group, which is explained by the richness of the flora of the region. This diversity is reflected in the names of places with a basis of phytonymic origin. For example: Gamishli chayi lit. "Kamyshovaya river", Almali Bulag lit. "Apple Spring", Mer jimek kend dosl "Lentil village", Palidli dere lit. " Dubovy ravine", etc.

Zootoponyms are a minority compared to zoonyms and zoohydronyms. In Kelbajar, only 6 zootoponyms are taken into account. One of them is formed from the name of the species.

The process of naming onomastic units is very responsible. In the process of nomination, much depends on the named object and the subject or subjects that name it. Places inhabited by people get their names on the basis of natural objects surrounding this area, various signs, events. Geographical terms and nomens play a special role in the nomination of populated places.

In the formation of onomastic units, the following geographical nomens are most productive: village, spring, mountain, valley, river, etc.

Geographical terms are used more often than the names of toponyms, hydronyms, oikonyms, oronyms. However, this does not mean at all that the use of geographical terms in all toponyms is a prerequisite. In the onomastics of the Kelbajar region, there are many words from other areas, which include terms from other areas.

Based on the study, it can be concluded that, taking into account the classification of onomastic units of individual regions, it is possible to create a kind of unified system. This system will include main groups and subgroups. In the general list of names from the groups presented in the classification, discrepancies may arise, which are the result of the coincidence of onomastic units belonging to different territories .

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