The hyperprolactinemia effect on immunohistochemical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer

Objective: Hyperprolactinemia is one of the most common endocrine disorders and can affect both genders at any age. The annual incidence of hyperprolactinemia in women is 8.7 per 100,000 individuals [5], and in the age group of 25-34 years, it increases to 29.3 cases per 100,000 population [3]. The most common causes of hyperprolactinemia include pituitary adenoma, intracranial tumors, medication use, primary hypothyroidism, and chronic kidney failure. Aim: To study the relationship of hyperprolactinemia with the immunohistochemical and morphological characteristics of breast cancer in women. Materials and methods: The study included 100 female patients with breast cancer associated with hyperprolactinemia. To achieve the set objective, all patients were divided into two groups: Group I - 70 women with hyperprolactinemia associated with breast cancer, and Group II - 30 patients with breast cancer and normal prolactin levels. Results: The study included 70 patients with hyperprolactinemia associated with breast cancer (Group I) and 30 women with breast cancer without hyperprolactinemia (Group II, the control group). The age of patients in the first group ranged from 29 to 65 years (mean age in the main group was 49 ± 11.7). In Group II, the age ranged from 19 to 65 years (mean age was 45.2 ± 13.2). Conclusion: Analysis of clinical and laboratory indicators in women with hyperprolactinemia (Group I) associated with breast cancer (BC) revealed a significant predominance of mastalgia (91.4%), nipple edema (53.3%), and breast edema (53.3%) accompanied by the lactoreia-dysmenorrhea syndrome. In contrast, Group II showed a significant prevalence of classical breast cancer symptoms, such as bloody nipple discharge (92%), orange-peel skin (60%), breast redness (40%), and axillary lymph node enlargement (40%). The study of the correlation between histological and molecular subtypes with prolactin levels revealed a predominance of invasive ductal carcinoma in 13 cases (19%), adenocarcinoma in 11 cases (16%), and medullary carcinoma in 10 cases (14.3%) in Group I.