The importance of the problem of bioremediation as an important scientific and practical problem in the field of human activity

Bioremediation is the reaction of the environment to human innovations. Man-made materials and products become part of the natural biocenosis by interfering with the natural processes taking place in the biosphere. In all cases of biodegradation, the organism and the environment, on the one hand, and manmade objects, on the other, interact. Integrated approaches take into account the interactions of bioorganic agents - living organisms, especially when they belong to different systematic, groups, species and populations, or are ecologically distant from each other. The relationship of bio-polluting organisms with landscape-geographical and regional factors is of particular importance. The nature of the biohazardous effect and the effectiveness of the protective equipment used depend on the environment in which the process takes place.

Environmental-technological approaches include forecasting, which allows for effective protection against bio-harmful effects. For example, the introduction of biocide-containing elements into the structure of soluble polymers, or their incorporation into wood and products. National economic practices on the problem of bioremediation require clarity of the tasks assigned to scientists, today and especially in the future, research topics, areas of interest, basic concepts. These should be used when considering specific issues. Not only is this difficult to do because the official history of the problem is so short and not enough to talk about traditionally formed concepts, but the problem is still a large number of individual issues that reflect the interests of many participants. Each participant has their own approach, goals and understanding. Bringing participants together in common terms and concepts round out the problem, define its boundaries, and define the relationship with stakeholders.

The term "biodegradation" is derived from the English word "biodeterioration". The concept was coined to designate international coordinating bodies, such as The Biodeterioration Society. The term was originally used to describe the adverse effects of organisms on the functional and structural properties of materials, products, or technical raw materials. Later, this expression changed several times, that is, it narrowed and expanded in accordance with the wishes of experts in various fields and sciences. disposal. This trend was particularly evident at the 1975 III International Symposium on Biosafety in Kingston, USA.

It has been repeatedly suggested that the problem of damage caused by organisms to crops and horticultural crops, food, etc., should be brought to the forefront. A number of publications, especially in the 1970s, looked at these objects from a materialist point of view, along with traditional views. At the same time, these issues have long been dealt with by the economy and other fields of science, so it is unlikely to expand at the expense of objects related to the problem of bioremediation. Well-known scientist Van der Kirk defines biodegradation as follows: biodegradation is an inappropriate change in the properties of materials caused by the vital activity of organisms. The Russian scientist GI Karavayko expanded this concept and proposed to call biodegradation the necessary and unnecessary changes in the properties of materials due to the activity of organisms. Both concepts do not fully cover the diversity of objects that organisms infect. With this in mind, we apply the concept of bioremediation to situations in which the structural and functional characteristics of natural objects of anthropogenic or raw material origin are altered by the activity and participation of living organisms. These relationships can increase or decrease the impact of organisms on objects, or even eliminate them altogether. That fact must be taken into account. "

The most important components that create a bio-contamination situation are living organisms, which are a source of bio-contamination exposure to an object and can be protected or unprotected by special means. Thus, biodegradation is not a one-way street. It is characterized by the active interaction of objects and organisms. The biodegradation process is two-way, with certain processes predominating in certain periods and stages. A biodegradable situation indicates that biodegradable is possible due to the presence of all the necessary components and factors. It demonstrates the potential for bio-damage and calls for the development of terminological schemes for bio-damage forecasting. The presence of these components determines the possibility of a bioremediation effect at a distance within the space, allowing them to establish their interactions, thus creating a biodegradation situation, but it does not cause a biodegradation process.

Sources of bio-contamination are organisms that attack materials, objects, structures, natural raw materials and make their properties unacceptable to humans. Such organisms are also referred to as biotoxic agents or pests. Structures, objects, materials lose their useful properties when products are contaminated by organisms. They are called biodegradable objects or biodegradable objects. The concept of bio-contamination requires that not only preventive but also proactive measures be taken when a person first incorporates preservatives in the form of biocides or when the effects of bio-contamination on the object pose a real threat.