The investigation of questions of semantic syntax science in Russian language

The cognition of natural world, reflection of peculiarities of individual aspect and communicative aspect has become actual problem in the second half of 19 century. Besides the main function of communicative links, we are not mistaken, if we state, that the following scholars gave the main orientation in the investigation of starting direction for simple sentence at the beginning of genesis of world reflection with an assistance of language: A.A Potebnya (1958; 1976), V.V. Vinogradov (1959), L.N. Sherba (1957), O.S.Ahmanova (1966), V.N.Yartseva (1968), V.G.Admoni (1968; 1971), N.D.Arutjunova (1976), B.A Abramov (1969), T.P.Lomtev (1959), who defined the main correction of syntactical semantics of Russian language. At the same time the following scientists: B. Kroche (1920), Sh. Bally (1950: 1961), I.P.Galperin (1958), U.S.

Stepanov (1958: 1965), L.M.Granovskaya (1964), A.F.Losev (1965), I.S.Kulikova (1965; 1966), S.B.Bekova (1964; 1973), R.Mukarzhovskyi (1976), M.M.Bahtin (1974; 1975; 1986), N.B.Golovin (1976), U.S.Sorokin (1977), R.A.Budagov (1977), V.P.Grigorev (1979), G.V.Kolshansky (1980), R.Yakobson (1987), V.G.Gok (1974), A.V.Fedorov (1985), L.I.Donetskikh (1979) investigated and defined the starting directions of peculiarities of structures and semantics of simple sentence. It will be additional fact, if we confirm that above-intentioned scientists paid their attention to two-componential sentence. This is a confirmation of impotency of simple sentence which occupies a special place in the presentation of nucleus from.

In the eastern Slavonic languages, to speak exactly, in the frame of Russian paleontological and semantically linguistics, one of the outstanding scholars A.A.Potebnya succeeded to raise to scientific level his research on the basis of two componential sentence (A.A.Potebnya, 1862). It is necessary to note, that A.A.Potebnya investigated simple sentence and also interrelations of language and oral people’s folklore, explains the language of simple sentence, and the means of artistic expression of thoughts in the following: “when it is said that the first word is a sentence it means sentence unconsciously meant psychological (illogic) statement, but not the name of formal languages. He defines interlinks between thought and language, poetry functions (symbolic, imaginary) of language, general psychology (feelings and volition) in his investigation under title”. A.A.Potebnya has analyzed analogies between people’s, artistic and originality. He warned sincerely, believing that there is a law in this line but there was no confirmation of it. His followers (M.Polyakov (1978), (1990); V.V.Vinogradov (1991); B.A.Larin (1974), etc.) come to conclusion that in fiction the members in two componential sentences, being as high-level language units, are the declaration of simple sentence. Scientific works on the analysis, concerning the peculiarities of syntactical forms and syntactical analysis in general texts (the language of books) one may come across in the investigations of A.H.Vostokov. For example: “It is true, that simple Russian language does not look like not only with Slavonic, but even with Russian bookish language, being enriched by many words from church Slavonic with its pronunciation and spelling (A.H.Vostokov, 1960. p. 51).

Surely, we are evident of reflection of that historical stage by language means in which many times were used expression of the peculiarities of inner world of a man. At the sometime, one can connect the names at V.G.Admoni and H.H.Arvat with the views on possibilities of refection of world through syntactical units. They developed the thoughts of Russian scientists of the end of 19’th and the beginning of 20’th centuries. They also were the first who introduced an idea that the simple sentence is a potential for the composition text and can be used in communication of thoughts. We have the right to declare that the main scientific statements of V.G.Admoni (V.G.Admoni, 1955) were added from many sides and his outstanding pupil’s works investigated them: (Arutjunova, 1976; Zagarovskaya, 1977; Latman, 1972; Polyakov, 1978; Kozhima, 1983; H.H.Arvat, 1972), where they researched the problem of compiling individual texts with the simple sentences. Arutjunova narrates of appearance of conditions of actual forms of main state, which compares the simple sentence structure in the form of alive language: “Dees and principal semantic difference 7 sentence components, expressed concrete opinion is seen in the observance of the process of communication. In order to understand the predicate, it is enough to know its language (vocabulary) meaning.

Undoubtedly, the Russian linguists revealed the question scientifically, as it was mentioned above in investigation of syntactical semantics of Russian language, especially in national philology and of CIS countries that gave a great effect on the development of syntactical semantic science.

V.V.Odintsova, D.E.Rozental, G.Y.A.Solganic, V.P.Moskvin, N.N.Ramanova, G.V.Filipov, with the proposal to move Russia that language as a model in comparative syntax.

Nevertheless, it is necessary to note, that investigations a using the concrete form of simple question were productively done by the following linguists: I.V.Arnold, M.P.Brandes, G.A.Ozlov; P.G.Piotrovsky, N.M.Firsova, Z.I.Hovanovskaya, A.V.Suprun also made a contribution in restoring the works of abovementioned scientists. In their works it was definitely shown syntax of simple sentence in the field grammar and semantics on the general level. The position, which and not lose its sense of semantic and structural nature of simple sentence is the following: Semantic substratum of simple sentence grammatically is dissimilar. Simple sentence with one grammatical predicate may contain one and more prepositions some semantical predicates. Nominative aspect of sentence contain nomination of one and more events respectively. As it was underlined by the researcher using derivative and integrative variant uninecleous. Sentence supports mentality to the new level. It is possible to show linguistic sense is connection with cognitive psychology within the historical peace and extra linguistic situation of every language community.

If we turn to the ideas of a well-known specialist in the sphere of sematic linguistics and general linguistics we cannot oppose individuality with syntactical modus and mass in sematic more but we can take them as the basic and draw out as a single self-individual in common. Word combinations serve in the component of simple sentence as a unit of universal in the whole language system. This position is a condition for the dynamic development of simple sentence in Literature in the opinion condition of Krongouz it is an important part of simple two componential sentences in literature. In the opinion of Krongouz it is important part of simple two componential sentences in the reflection of world and sometimes plays natural role. In addition, simple by-componential sentence consisting of words with direct meaning will have some difficulties in emotional associations (M.A.Krongouz, 1990; p. 45-57). This is a phenomenon when such transformation will lead not only to syntactical, but even to, contextual changes. Simple sentences, representing componential conditions, sharply differ from capabilities of sentence composition.

A word is a valuable investigation substance of individual language for dialogue participant in spite of the fact that it has no transformations N.N. Arvat thinks, that in order to define the meaning of two componential simple sentence, one should give a monographic characteristic, and also syntactical expressive-semantic link of word, which is analyzing contextually as it is impossible to undergo comparison of syntactical possibility with another form of meaning. It is because, that words in two componential simple sentences are not restricted by nominative substantial meaning, and may have a development interrelationaly with syntactical meaning.

The problem of directional investigation of composition of wordcombination with prepositional meaning in dialogical system, especially with the participation of situational denotate is deeply made by Y.S. Yartseva, H.H.Arvat, N.P. Lyulko (1967), A.S. Melchun (1967), G.A. Lilich (1968), I.S.Kulikova (1971), G.A.Zolotova (1971), and T.B.Aliseva (1969, 1971).

In S.H.Bollis opinion and lessee creates the simplest model of sentence, when he defines new meaning of familiar words. Creating individual word combinations, new structures of words, he works in the sphere of syntax. Therefore, we believe that the investigation of syntactical components of two componential sentences for grounds people’s mentality.

The used sources:

• 1.    Адмони В.Г. Введение в синтаксис современного немецкого языка. – М.,1955. – 312 с.

• 2.    Востоков А.Х. Рассуждение о славянском языке, служащее введением к грамматике сего языка, составляемой по древнейшим оного

  письменным памятникам // История языкознания XIXи XX веков в очерках и извлечениях. – М., 1960. – 406 с.

• 3.    Кронгауз М.А. Стуруктура времени и значение слов // Логический анализ языка. – М., 1990, – 279 с.

• 4.    Потебня А.А. Мысль и язык. – М., 1862. – 203 с.