The problem of accent variation in the English language

As part of the implementation of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On education” and the National training program, a comprehensive system of foreign language training has been created in the country, aimed at the formation of a harmoniously developed, highly educated, modern younger generation, further integration of the Republic into the world community. It is known that for the purpose of cardinal improvement of system of training of younger generation to foreign languages, training of the experts who are fluent in them by introduction of advanced methods of teaching with use of modern pedagogical and information and communication technologies and on this basis of creation of conditions and opportunities for their wide access to achievements of world civilization and world information resources, development of the international cooperation and communication, First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. Karimov signed a Resolution "On measures to further improve the system of learning foreign languages" dated December 10, 2012. In pursuance of the Decree, it is necessary to improve scientific work, especially in the field of English.

The accent structure of the English language is one of the topical issues of scientific research related to language phenomena that have a long tradition of study. The accent structure of words raises many questions, because, on the one hand, it is extremely difficult to formulate General rules of stress in words, on the other hand, it is obvious that the vocabulary of the language is constantly updated, which indicates the need for its constant study. It should be noted that there are still no common approaches to the consideration of controversial issues of accentuation, in particular, the acoustic nature of stress, which of the characteristics of verbal stress in the English language can be considered as the main, whether the perception of shock due to any single characteristics, or the effect of shock is created due to the interrelated effects of several acoustic means. The question of word-formation possibilities of stress and many others is still relevant. Thus, in each study solved their specific tasks, not always related to the problem of accent rules.

The problem of accentual variation in a language is directly related to language teaching, where the dialectics of language development is not always taken into account. Norms are presented as something eternal and unchanging. Such artificial silence of variable forms in teaching English can be explained, first of all, by a narrow understanding of the norm, which has traditionally developed in the majority of specialists. It is in live colloquial speech that accent variants appear that are not peculiar to the strict literary norms of the language.

Therefore, it is necessary to consistently compare the stress in the codified literary language and oral speech in order to identify the features of the implementation in each of these linguistic areas of active accent trends. As we know, the correct statement of stress, knowledge and appropriateness of the use of accent variants of the word is one of the essential features of literate speech, as well as an important indicator of the General cultural level of a person. Correctness of speech provides the main communicative qualities, such as accuracy, consistency, relevance. In modern English literary language you can find many units, the pronunciation of which is an indicator of the level of speech culture and the General culture of the speaker. Mistakes in pronunciation distract listeners from the content of the speech and thus complicate communication, reduce the impact of speech on the audience. Based on the lack of knowledge of the norm in relation to certain aspects of the language, and in particular, the orthoepic norm, we decided to analyze the dynamics of the accent component of the orthoepic norm in the close connection of linguistic processes. Work allows us to identify the degree of predominance of one of the accentual variants in the variant series Analysis of words, the marked lexical and syntactic litters, showed that the processes of semantic differentiation in accent variation are negligible in the disappearance of the accent options; and displacement: the accent to the beginning of a word; caused by strong action; rhythmic factor, is the main trend in words used in attributive function.

Analysis of the accent structure of polysyllabic words with variable stress, selected by a continuous sample from the Pronunciation dictionary D.Jones showed that the most promising and common models according to the 17th edition of the dictionary (2006). The study found that the emergence and coexistence of options could not be explained in the language system alone. However, establishing a ratio of options and social indicators of speakers, it is possible to judge only about their relative correlation.

That indicates the possibility of conscious impact of people on the language, which does not contradict the objective processes of language development. Borrowing is one of the essential causes of variation in a language, since the emphasis in, borrowed words usually do not remain unchanged. In the process of assimilation of borrowed words, it undergoes changes, moves and is fixed on another syllable, as a result there are variants of words. In some cases, one of the options quickly goes out of use, in other cases, the options can be maintained for a long time. The analysis of the words marked with lexical marks revealed a certain tendency to the differentiated use of some variants of words. However, the role of semantic differentiation in accent variation was rather modest.

Thus, only 0.6 % of the words from the entire sample have the stress fixed on the variant of the word - with any meaning. Moreover, in 0.4 % of words the desire to differentiate semantically led to the fact that the established semantic difference is not preserved, and lexical marks that distinguish semantic nuances disappear. In some cases, with the mark disappears and one of the accent variants of the word. In 1.6 % of words there is a General process of strengthening the grammatical role of stress. However, only 0.4% of words (for example, 'type - verb', ' commune - noun) were completely differentiated in grammatical terms. Changing the location of the stress-in the word can be manifested in contextual conditions. Analysis of a group of words marked with syntactic marks showed that - 90.5% of words used in the attribute function, there is a shift of emphasis to the beginning of the word. This trend is caused by the strong action of the rhythmic factor.

The result of the studied accent variants allows us to conclude that the difference in the place of the main stress in the accent variants of the word in the English language is not unlimited, although' English accent, characterized by relative freedom, mobility, different syllable length of the word. Thus, for the accent variants of the English language was characterized by either the absence of syllabic interval ('cantonal - can' tonal), or an interval of one syllable ('orthoepist -.ortho'epist). An interval of two syllable occurs very rarely, and mainly in shestinogih where it may be valid for a large interval ('purificatory -,purifi'catory). Thus, for the accent variants of the English language is characterized by an interval not exceeding more than two syllables, which indicates a significant role of rhythmic organization of English speech. Conducted: our experiment showed that often not all the options that exist in oral speech, are reflected in the dictionaries, which once again confirms the idea of the need for constant study and recording of changes occurring in the language.